{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:00:31Z","timestamp":1791277231678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1086","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a unique locally aggressive vascular tumor with poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical and imaging features of KHE, and to compare the differences between solitary and diffusive infiltrative subtype further.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The clinical and radiological findings of a cohort of 25 cases with histologically proven KHE, between June 2011 and June 2016, were reviewed retrospectively. 7 solitary and 18 diffusive infiltrative subtypes KHE were included. The differences of clinical and imaging features between these two subtypes were compared statistically by Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher exact test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The median age was 4 months old. 20 cases (80%) were accompanied by Kasabach\u2013Merritt phenomenon (KMP). Most KHE located in trunk and\/or extremity. The masses showed inhomogeneous echogenicity and were rich in vascularity on ultrasound; showed isoattenuation relative to muscle on unenhanced CT, isointense\u00a0(n\u00a0=\u00a015) or slightly hyperintense (n\u00a0=\u00a07) T \u00a01 weighted imaging (T \u00a01WI) signal relative to muscle, mainly heterogeneous hyperintense or slightly hyperintense with speckled hypointense (n\u00a0=\u00a017) T \u00a02WI signal (77%) relative to muscle, and notable (n\u00a0=\u00a015) and moderate (n\u00a0=\u00a03) enhancement. Feeding and draining vessels were revealed in 15 cases. Five masses with DWI showed slightly restricted diffusivity, with average apparent diffusion coefficient value of (1.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09) \u00d7\u00a010\u20133\u00a0mm2\u00a0s\u2013 \u00a01. Necrosis and hemorrhage were also found. Compared with solitary ones, diffusive infiltrative KHE were larger, more commonly accompanied by KMP and reticular lymphedema, and more frequently located in trunk and\/or extremity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five masses with DWI showed slightly restricted diffusivity. A hypervascular mass accompanied by KMP and reticular lymphedema, with speckled hypointense signal T \u00a02WI signal, especially in pediatric patients, is highly suggestive of the diagnosis of KHE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Speckled hypointense signal T \u00a02WI signal, and notable enhancement were unique features of KHE. KHE showed slightly restricted diffusivity on DWI, commonly accompanied by KMP and reticular lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T12:00:26Z","timestamp":1521028826000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Clinical and imaging\u00a0features of\u00a0Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Pei-an","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-rong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050214253092000_b1","unstructured":"International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies\n.\nISSVA classification of vascular anomalies \u00a92014\n.\n2017\n. Available from:\nissva.org\/classification\n[\nDec 20, 2017\n]."},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.06.044","article-title":"Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: atypical features and risks of Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon in 107 referrals","volume":"162","author":"Croteau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24103","article-title":"Variable response to propranolol treatment of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, tufted angioma, and Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon","volume":"59","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2015.01.003","article-title":"Decreased vascularization of retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma induced by treatment with sirolimus explains relief of symptoms","volume":"39","author":"Iacobas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e31827e7fa5","article-title":"Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma infiltrates the gut wall: a rare case report","volume":"36","author":"Kajiwara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2011.02681.x","article-title":"Primary kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of a long bone: two cases in unusual locations with long-term follow up","volume":"61","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-010-9331-1","article-title":"Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of the spleen in an adult: an initial case report","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b8","article-title":"Abdominal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma associated with lymphangiomatosis involving mesentery and ileum: a case report of MRI, CT, and 18F-FDG PET\/CT findings","volume":"95","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2024050214253092000_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.293085168","article-title":"Pediatric soft-tissue tumors and pseudo-tumors: MR imaging features with pathologic correlation: part 1. 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