{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:22:25Z","timestamp":1792664545258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1092","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility of a new liquid fiducial marker for use in image-guided radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liquid fiducial markers were implanted in patients with metastatic or inoperable locally advanced oesophageal or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer receiving radiotherapy. Markers were implanted using a conventional gastroscope equipped with a 22 G Wang needle. Marker visibility was evaluated on fluoroscopy, CT, MRI and cone\u00a0beam CT scans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liquid markers (n = 16) were injected in four patients. No Grade 2 or worse adverse events were observed in relation to the implantation procedure, during treatment or in the follow-up period. 12\/16 (75%) markers were available at the planning CT-scan and throughout the treatment- and follow-up period. The implanted markers were adequately visible in CT and cone beam CT but were difficult to distinguish in fluoroscopy and MRI without information from the corresponding CT image.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liquid fiducial marker placement in the oesophagus proved safe and clinically feasible.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper presents the first clinical use of a new liquid fiducial marker in patients with oesophageal cancer and demonstrates that marker implantation using standard gastroscopic equipment and subsequent use in three-dimensional image-guided radiation therapy is safe and clinically feasible.<\/jats:p>\n               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