{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T01:19:45Z","timestamp":1768526385800,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1105","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The retrotympanic anatomy is complex and variable but has received little attention in the radiological literature. With advances in CT technology and the application of cone beam CT to temporal bone imaging, there is now a detailed depiction of the retrotympanic bony structures.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>With the increasing use of endoscopes in middle ear surgery, it is important for the radiologist to appreciate the nomenclature of the retrotympanic compartments in order to aid communication with the surgeon. For instance, in the context of cholesteatoma, clear imaging descriptions of retrotympanic variability and pathological involvement are valuable in pre-operative planning.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The endoscopic anatomy has recently been described and the variants classified. The retrotympanum is divided into medial and lateral compartments with multiple described potential sinuses separated by bony crests.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This pictorial review will describe the complex anatomy and variants of the retrotympanum. We will describe optimum reformatting techniques to demonstrate the structures of the retrotympanum and illustrate the associated anatomical landmarks and variants with CT. The implications of anatomical variants with regards to otologic surgery will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T16:53:18Z","timestamp":1570553598000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Imaging anatomy of the retrotympanum: variants and their surgical implications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Burd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irumee","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , London"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences Clinical Academic Group, King\u2019s College London, King\u2019s Health Partners, Guy\u2019s Hospital , London"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Guy\u2019s and St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050215105336600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27135","article-title":"Facial sinus endoscopic evaluation, radiologic assessment, and classification","volume":"128","author":"Alicandri-Ciufelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318188e8d7","article-title":"Otoendoscopy in cholesteatoma surgery of the middle ear: what benefits can be expected?","volume":"29","author":"Ayache","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215107009346","article-title":"Combined approach tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma: impact of middle-ear endoscopy","volume":"122","author":"Barakate","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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Otol."},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20995","article-title":"Inferior retrotympanum revisited: an endoscopic anatomic study","volume":"120","author":"Marchioni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-2923-8","article-title":"The round window region and contiguous areas: endoscopic anatomy and surgical implications","volume":"272","author":"Marchioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-011-0159-0","article-title":"Endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear","volume":"63","author":"Marchioni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200209000-00004","article-title":"Value of ear endoscopy in cholesteatoma surgery","volume":"23","author":"Badr-el-Dine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328364b473","article-title":"Imaging for evaluation of cholesteatoma: current concepts and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Corrales","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"2024050215105336600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489009125151","article-title":"The pathogenesis and treatment of cholesteatoma","volume":"109","author":"Palva","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4492-0","article-title":"The variants of the retro- and hypotympanum: an endoscopic anatomical study","volume":"274","author":"Bonali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13048","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the round window-Implications for cochlear implantation","volume":"43","author":"Luers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000226310.97316.99","article-title":"Dehiscent high jugular bulb: a pitfall in middle ear surgery","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181b0503e","article-title":"Transcanal endoscopic approach to the sinus tympani: a clinical report","volume":"30","author":"Marchioni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000247824.90774.22","article-title":"Incidence of dehiscence of the facial nerve in 416 cases of cholesteatoma","volume":"28","author":"Moody","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"2024050215105336600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000408","article-title":"Facial nerve dehiscence and cholesteatoma","volume":"120","author":"Magliulo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/93\/1105\/20190677\/54756826\/bjr.20190677.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/93\/1105\/20190677\/54756826\/bjr.20190677.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T15:34:03Z","timestamp":1714664043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/doi\/10.1259\/bjr.20190677\/7478601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1105","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20190677","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1285","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-880X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"article-number":"20190677"}}