{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:40:37Z","timestamp":1788964837288,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1111","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of small, solid, TR3\u20135 benign and malignant thyroid nodules (\u22641\u2009cm).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From January 2016 to March 2018, 185 thyroid nodules from 154 patients who underwent contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and fine-needle aspiration or thyroidectomy in Shanghai General Hospital were included. The \u03c72 test was used to compare the CEUS characteristics of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and the CEUS features of malignant nodules assigned scores. The total score of the CEUS features and the scores of the above nodules were evaluated according to the latest 2017 version of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS). The diagnostic performance of the two were compared based on the receiver operating characteristic curves generated for benign and malignant thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The degree, enhancement patterns, boundary, shape, and homogeneity of enhancement in thyroid small solid nodules were significantly different (p\uff1c0.05). No significant differences were seen between benign and malignant thyroid nodules regarding completeness of enhancement and size of enhanced lesions (p\uff1e0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the TI-RADS classification TR5 in diagnosis of malignant nodules were 90.10%, 55.95%, 74.59%, 72.22%, and 82.46%, respectively (area under the curve [AUC]=0.738; 95%\u2009confidence interval[CI], 0.663\u20130.813). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the total score of CEUS qualitative analysis indicators were 86.13%, 89.29%, 87.57%, 90.63%, and 84.27% respectively (AUC = 0.916; 95%\u2009CI, 0.871\u20130.961).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CEUS qualitative analysis is superior to TI-RADS in evaluating the diagnostic performance of small, solid thyroid nodules. Qualitative analysis of CEUS has a significantly higher specificity for diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules than TI-RADS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2017 version of TI-RADS has recently suggested the malignant stratification of thyroid nodules by ultrasound. In this paper we applied this system and CEUS to evaluate 185 nodules and compare the results with pathological findings to access the diagnostic performance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T14:58:29Z","timestamp":1585925909000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Qualitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of small, TR3\u20135 benign and malignant thyroid nodules measuring \u22641 cm"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-xia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-hui","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-hua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian-fang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050215293133600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02162.x","article-title":"Very high prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by high frequency (13 MHz) ultrasound examination","volume":"39","author":"Guth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024050215293133600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9245","article-title":"Risk of thyroid cancer based on thyroid ultrasound imaging characteristics: results of a population-based study","volume":"173","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2024050215293133600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01912.x","article-title":"Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration of thyroid incidentaloma: correlation with pathological findings","volume":"60","author":"Nam-Goong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024050215293133600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2010.11.007","article-title":"Cervical lymphadenopathies signaling thyroid microcarcinoma. 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