{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:16:38Z","timestamp":1766049398954,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1113","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility of using imaging parameters (D, \u03b2 and \u03bc) obtained from fractional order calculus (FROC) diffusion model to differentiate salivary gland tumors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>15 b-value (0\u20132000\u2009s\/mm2) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was scanned in 62 patients with salivary gland tumors (47 benign and 15 malignant). Diffusion coefficient D, fractional order parameter \u03b2 (which correlates with tissue heterogeneity) and a microstructural quantity \u03bc of the solid portion within the tumor were calculated, and compared between benign and malignant groups, or among pleomorphic adenoma (PA), Warthin\u2019s tumor (WT), and malignant tumor (MT) groups. Performance of FROC parameters for differentiation was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>None of the FROC parameters exhibited significant differences between benign and malignant group (D, p = 0.150; \u03b2, p = 0.967; \u03bc, p = 0.693). WT showed significantly lower D (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and \u03b2 (p &amp;lt; 0.001), while higher \u03bc (p = 0.001) than PA. Combination of D, \u03b2 and \u03bc showed optimal diagnostic performance (area under the curve, AUC, 0.998). MT showed significantly lower D (p = 0.001) and \u03b2 (p = 0.025) than PA, while no significant difference was found on \u03bc (p = 0.064). Combination of D and \u03b2 showed optimal diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.933). Significant difference was found on \u03b2 (p = 0.027) between MT and WT, while not on D (p = 0.806) and \u03bc (p = 0.789). Setting a \u03b2of 0.615 as the cut-off value, optimal diagnostic performance could be obtained (AUC = 0.806).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A non-Gaussian FROC diffusion model can serve as a noninvasive and quantitative imaging technique for differentiating salivary gland tumors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>(1) PA showed higher D and \u03b2 and lower \u03bc than WT. (2) PA had higher D and \u03b2 than MT. (3) WT demonstrated lower \u03b2 than MT. (4) \u03b2, as a new FROC parameter, could offer an added value to the differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T16:37:31Z","timestamp":1594399051000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differentiation of salivary gland tumor using diffusion-weighted imaging with a fractional order calculus model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu-Ning","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Ming","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Imaging Healthcare, Central Research Institute , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Suo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shou-Shan","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Quan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei-Yun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050215161781000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111248","article-title":"Salivary gland tumors: use of intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging for assessment of diffusion and perfusion for the differentiation of benign from malignant tumors","volume":"263","author":"Sumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024050215161781000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140685","article-title":"Differentiating benign and malignant salivary gland tumours: diagnostic criteria and the accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with high temporal resolution","volume":"88","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215161781000_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.08.013","article-title":"Value of diffusion tensor imaging in differentiating malignant from benign parotid gland tumors","volume":"95","author":"Takumi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215161781000_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2493072045","article-title":"Parotid gland tumors: can addition of diffusion-weighted MR imaging to dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging improve diagnostic accuracy in characterization?","volume":"249","author":"Yabuuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024050215161781000_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185118803784","article-title":"Preliminary study of using diffusion kurtosis imaging for characterizing parotid gland tumors","volume":"60","author":"Qian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215161781000_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2520","article-title":"Mr imaging of parotid tumors: typical lesion characteristics in MR imaging improve discrimination between benign and malignant disease","volume":"32","author":"Christe","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2024050215161781000_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.3.1438746","article-title":"Malignant parotid tumors: clinical use of Mr imaging and histologic correlation","volume":"185","author":"Freling","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024050215161781000_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26260","article-title":"Multimodality fMRI with perfusion, diffusion-weighted MRI and 1 H-MRS in the diagnosis of lympho-associated benign and malignant lesions of the parotid gland","volume":"49","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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