{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:04:48Z","timestamp":1753884288774,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1149","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study explores the application value of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (3D pCASL) in early assessment of radiation encephalopathy (REP) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 39 cases of NPC was performed. Routine enhanced MRI scan and 3D pCASL imaging were used to examine the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and brain blood flow (CBF) before and after treatment with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Dosimetric analysis of irradiation was performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze diagnostic performance of two imaging methods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods for the measurement of temporal white matter ADC, but statistically significant difference was found in CBF. 3D pCASL imaging showed more sensitivity, specificity and higher accuracy than conventional MRI enhanced scan in showing REP. The maximum dose of the temporal lobe was at the enhanced area.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study demonstrates that 3D pCASL scan at month 3 can reflect blood flow perfusion differences in NPC patients after IMRT and can accurately assess the possibility of REP at early stage. Enhanced areas have a higher probability of REP than the surrounding areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is few magnetic resonance angiography studies used to evaluate arterial circulation on its application on potential REP after radiotherapy for NPC. In our study, we evaluate the application value of 3D pCASL in the early assessment of potential REP in patients with NPC after radiotherapy. The study was to provide an improved understanding of the early specific characteristics on MRI imaging and evolution of potential radiation encephalopathy using 3D pCASL technique, which can quantitatively evaluate the changes of blood flow in tissues at early stage and help to diagnose and treat potential radiation encephalopathy as early as possible.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]],"date-time":"2023-07-02T11:49:40Z","timestamp":1688298580000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application value of 3D pCASL in early assessment of potential radiation encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children\u2019s Hospital , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chendao","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050216073997900_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30956-0","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"394","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.01.040","article-title":"Global trends in incidence and mortality of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"374","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.03.029","article-title":"A prospective 10-year observational study of reduction of radiation therapy clinical target volume and dose in early-stage Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"107","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.11.035","article-title":"Comparison of long-term outcomes and sequelae between children and adult Nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-017-2401-y","article-title":"A retrospective study comparing the outcomes and toxicities of intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus two-dimensional conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of children and adolescent Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"143","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b6","article-title":"Chemotherapy potentially facilitates the occurrence of radiation encephalopathy in patients with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiotherapy: A Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-019-0203-y","article-title":"Application of a machine learning method to whole brain white matter injury after radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Leng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b8","first-page":"264","article-title":"A clinical study of perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in Recombinant human Endostatin combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Y","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Radiol Med Prot"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.09.034","article-title":"Investigating the correlation of arterial spin labeling and dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion in primary tumor of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"108","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.896795","article-title":"A technical perspective for understanding quantitative arterial spin-labeling MR imaging using continuous ASL","volume":"81","author":"Noguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01572","article-title":"Variations of clinical target volume delineation for primary site of Nasopharyngeal cancer among five centers in China","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-015-1571-z","article-title":"A Neuroradiologist\u2019s guide to arterial spin labeling MRI in clinical practice","volume":"57","author":"Grade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b13","first-page":"412","article-title":"Disorder in Pixel-level edge directions on T1Wi is associated with the degree of radiation necrosis in primary and metastatic brain tumors: preliminary findings","volume":"40","author":"Prasanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3551","article-title":"Perfusion deficits detected by arterial spin-labeling in patients with TIA with negative diffusion and vascular imaging","volume":"34","author":"Qiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b15","article-title":"LASSO-based NTCP model for radiation-induced temporal lobe injury developing after intensity-modulated radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150319","article-title":"Whole-brain CT perfusion to quantify acute ischemic Penumbra and core","volume":"279","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25197","article-title":"Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia","volume":"73","author":"Alsop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016150789","article-title":"Arterial spin labeling perfusion of the brain: emerging clinical applications","volume":"281","author":"Haller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.023","article-title":"Epileptic Ictal Hyperperfusion on arterial spin labeling perfusion and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Wakisaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4491","article-title":"Association of collateral blood vessels detected by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging with neurological outcome after ischemic stroke","volume":"74","author":"de Havenon","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.238","article-title":"Postischemic Hyperperfusion on arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI is linked to hemorrhagic transformation in stroke","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b22","first-page":"1804","article-title":"Early changes of 1 H-MRS and its correlation with Neurocognitive function after radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin Journal of Clinical Radiology"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b23","first-page":"1","article-title":"A diffusion Kurtosis imaging study of the early injury on the white matter of the bilateral temporal lobes and the hippocampus after radiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.06.005","article-title":"Arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance perfusion imaging with dual Postlabeling delay in internal carotid artery Steno-occlusion: validation with Digital subtraction angiography","volume":"25","author":"Akiyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25023","article-title":"Reduced perfusion in normal-appearing white matter in mild to moderate hypertension as revealed by 3D Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2024050216073997900_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042890","article-title":"A study of radiation-induced cerebral vascular injury in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis","volume":"7","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/96\/1149\/20200448\/57370558\/bjr.20200448.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/96\/1149\/20200448\/57370558\/bjr.20200448.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T18:30:18Z","timestamp":1714674618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/doi\/10.1259\/bjr.20200448\/7469119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1149","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20200448","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1285"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-880X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"article-number":"20200448"}}