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Most abdominal irAEs such as enterocolitis, hepatitis, cholangiopathy, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, adrenalitis, and sarcoid-like reaction are initially detected on imaging such as ultrasonography (US), CT, MRI and fusion 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT during routine surveillance of cancer therapy. Early recognition and diagnosis of irAEs and immediate management with cessation of immune modulator cancer therapy and institution of immunosuppressive therapy are necessary to avert morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of irAEs is confirmed by tissue sampling or by follow-up imaging demonstrating resolution. Abdominal radiologists reviewing imaging on patients being treated with anti-cancer immunomodulators should be familiar with the imaging manifestations of irAEs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T17:34:57Z","timestamp":1603906497000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Abdominal immune-related adverse events: detection on ultrasonography, CT, MRI and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , 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