{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:56:06Z","timestamp":1790193366789,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1123","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are abnormal communication of a branch of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein circumventing the intervening pulmonary capillaries. This results in a right-to-left (R-L) shunt and its related manifestations, which include hampered gas exchange leading to hypoxaemia, dyspnoea, paradoxical emboli leading to stroke, cerebral abscess, myocardial infarction and pulmonary haemorrhage due to rupture of the PAVM. Endovascular transcatheter embolization of the feeding vessels with coils or occlusion devices is the current standard care of treatment and preferred treatment modality. The articles aim to provide insights into the current trends in diagnosis, the current recommendations, approach and management options for patients with PAVM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T19:58:38Z","timestamp":1622059118000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Diagnosis and endovascular management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Harshit","family":"Kramdhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of imaging sciences and interventional radiology, Sreechitra institute of medical sciences and technology , Trivandrum \u2013 695011, Kerala , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3382-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jineesh","family":"Valakkada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of imaging sciences and interventional radiology, Sreechitra institute of medical sciences and technology , Trivandrum \u2013 695011, Kerala , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoop","family":"Ayyappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of imaging sciences and interventional radiology, Sreechitra institute of medical sciences and technology , Trivandrum \u2013 695011, Kerala , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050215502665600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9711041","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"158","author":"Gossage","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2013.01.005","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization: how we do it","volume":"16","author":"Greben","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.918.191","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation","volume":"78","author":"Khurshid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1794","article-title":"Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"135","author":"Lacombe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b5","first-page":"177","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula","volume":"100","author":"Sluiter-Eringa","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.069013","article-title":"International guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"48","author":"Faughnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2015.00001","article-title":"Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: genetics and molecular diagnostics in a new era","volume":"6","author":"McDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2966","article-title":"Mr angiography for detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"190","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.6.1435","article-title":"Pulmonary amyloidosis with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula","volume":"96","author":"Kamei","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.32.4.571","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula with bilharzial pulmonary hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Le Roux","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.58327","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after cavopulmonary anastomosis","volume":"2","author":"Kumar Singhi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198003000-00013","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary artery aneurysm, and other vascular changes of the lung from penetrating trauma","volume":"191","author":"Symbas","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.6.561","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: role of hepatopulmonary interactions","volume":"88","author":"Vettukattil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S3608","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.2014.912132","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after the superior cavopulmonary shunt: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Kavarana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273937","article-title":"Management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"28","author":"Meek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2018.06.01","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: diagnosis","volume":"8","author":"Saboo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.918.191","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation","volume":"78","author":"Khurshid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1794","article-title":"Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: long-term results of embolization according to the extent of lung involvement","volume":"135","author":"Lacombe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b20","volume-title":"Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group","author":"CC-T","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(96)70851-5","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: diagnosis and transcatheter embolotherapy","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00179008","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations associated with migraine with aura","volume":"34","author":"Post","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v2.i9.339","article-title":"Interventional treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.069013","article-title":"International guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"48","author":"Faughnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188943","article-title":"Intra-venous bevacizumab in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): a retrospective study of 46 patients","volume":"12","author":"Guilhem","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-609","article-title":"Initial experience with use of hydrogel microcoils in embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"3","author":"Osuga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02396-2","article-title":"CIRSE standards of practice on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"43","author":"M\u00fcller-H\u00fclsbeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.087452","article-title":"Primary determinants of ischaemic stroke\/brain abscess risks are independent of severity of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"63","author":"Shovlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210764","article-title":"British thoracic Society clinical statement on pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"72","author":"Shovlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.1.31","article-title":"Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: characteristics and prognosis","volume":"117","author":"Faughnan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985750","article-title":"Embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"24","author":"Funaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b32","first-page":"191","article-title":"Optimal management of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"5","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Blood Med"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-016-1357-7","article-title":"Amplatzer vascular plugs versus coils for embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"39","author":"Tau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.12.08","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: endovascular therapy","volume":"8","author":"Chamarthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00011102","article-title":"Management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in pulmonary hypertensive patients: a pressure to embolise?","volume":"18","author":"Shovlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00126207","article-title":"Embolisation of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: no consistent effect on pulmonary artery pressure","volume":"32","author":"Shovlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2008.03.007","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: how do I embolize?","volume":"10","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5230","article-title":"PAVM embolization: an update","volume":"195","author":"Trerotola","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-005-0101-5","article-title":"Clinical and radiological long-term follow-up after embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"29","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00815-1","article-title":"Embolotherapy of large pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: long-term results","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.3.9490963","article-title":"Recanalization after coil embolotherapy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: study of long-term outcome and mechanism for recanalization","volume":"170","author":"Sagara","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-018-1876-5","article-title":"Usefulness of Hydrogel-Coated coils in embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"41","author":"Shimohira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564810","article-title":"The Amplatzer vascular plug: review of evolution and current applications","volume":"32","author":"Lopera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.184422","article-title":"Amplatzer vascular plug as an embolic agent in different vascular pathologies: a pictorial essay","volume":"26","author":"Tresley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.19200","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: safety and efficacy of microvascular plugs","volume":"211","author":"Mahdjoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2015.08.005","article-title":"Intraprocedural safety and technical success of the MVP micro vascular plug for embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"26","author":"Conrad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-020-00115-4","article-title":"Embolization of medium-sized vessels with the penumbra occlusion device: evaluation of anchoring function","volume":"3","author":"Kato","year":"2020","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b48","article-title":"A prospective, multi-center, single-arm study assessing the clinical use of the CATERPILLARTM arterial embolization device system for arterial embolization in the peripheral vasculature (CHRYSALIS","author":"Bard"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.09.008","article-title":"Efficacy of venous sac embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: comparison with feeding artery embolization","volume":"23","author":"Hayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.01.030","article-title":"Novel approach to complex pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization using detachable coils and Amplatzer vascular plugs","volume":"81","author":"Hundt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3953","article-title":"Does use of coils in addition to amplatzer vascular plugs prevent recanalization?","volume":"195","author":"Trerotola","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1851-2","article-title":"Embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations using the Amplatzer vascular plug: successful treatment of 69 consecutive patients","volume":"20","author":"Hart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600617940","article-title":"Ruptured pulmonary arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy","volume":"85","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1254CI","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"190","author":"Shovlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.04.067","article-title":"Circular shunt in bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis","volume":"152","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.08.029","article-title":"Long-Term follow-up of treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations with AMPLATZER vascular plug and AMPLATZER vascular plug II devices","volume":"22","author":"Tapping","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b57","article-title":"A case of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: role of interventional radiology in diagnosis and treatment","author":"Sharma","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-014-0301-5","article-title":"Association between reperfusion and shrinkage percentage of the aneurysmal sac after embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: evaluation based on contrast-enhanced thin-section CT images","volume":"32","author":"Makimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2014.12.416","article-title":"The role of time-resolved MRA for assessment of post-treated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: a pictorial review","volume":"26","author":"Kawai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b60","first-page":"8","article-title":"Treated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations","volume":"269","author":"Woodward","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00815-1","article-title":"Embolotherapy of large pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: long-term results","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2013.01.005","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization: how we do it","volume":"16","author":"Greben","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215502665600_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019180978","article-title":"Smoking significantly impacts persistence rates in embolized pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"292","author":"Haddad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/94\/1123\/20200695\/57375109\/bjr.20200695.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/94\/1123\/20200695\/57375109\/bjr.20200695.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T17:53:07Z","timestamp":1714672387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/doi\/10.1259\/bjr.20200695\/7455664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20200695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1285","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-880X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"article-number":"20200695"}}