{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:58:00Z","timestamp":1787313480964,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1118","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ground-glass opacity and consolidation are recognized typical features of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia on Chest CT, yet ancillary findings have not been fully described. We aimed to describe ancillary findings of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT, to define their prevalence, and investigate their association with clinical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed our CT chest cases with coupled reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). Patients with negative rt-PCR or without admission chest CT were excluded. Ancillary findings included: vessel enlargement, subpleural curvilinear lines, dependent subpleural atelectasis, centrilobular solid nodules, pleural and\/or pericardial effusions, enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Continuous data were expressed as median and 95% confidence interval (95%\u2009CI) and tested by Mann\u2013Whitney U test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ancillary findings were represented by 106\/252 (42.1%, 36.1 to 48.2) vessel enlargement, 50\/252 (19.8%, 15.4 to 25.2) subpleural curvilinear lines, 26\/252 (10.1%, 7.1 to 14.7) dependent subpleural atelectasis, 15\/252 (5.9%, 3.6 to 9.6) pleural effusion, 15\/252 (5.9%, 3.6 to 9.6) mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement, 13\/252 (5.2%, 3 to 8.6) centrilobular solid nodules, and 6\/252 (2.4%, 1.1 to 5.1) pericardial effusion. Air space disease was more extensive in patients with vessel enlargement or centrilobular solid nodules (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Vessel enlargement was associated with longer history of fever (p = 0.035) and lower admission oxygen saturation (p = 0.014); dependent subpleural atelectasis with lower oxygen saturation (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and higher respiratory rate (p &amp;lt; 0.001); mediastinal lymph nodes with shorter history of cough (p = 0.046); centrilobular solid nodules with lower prevalence of cough (p = 0.023), lower oxygen saturation (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and higher respiratory rate (p = 0.032), and pericardial effusion with shorter history of cough (p = 0.015). Ancillary findings associated with longer hospital stay were subpleural curvilinear lines (p = 0.02), whereas centrilobular solid nodules were associated with higher rate of intensive care unit admission (p = 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Typical high-resolution CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia are frequently associated with ancillary findings that variably associate with disease extent, clinical parameters, and disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ancillary findings might reflect the broad range of heterogeneous mechanisms in severe acute respiratory syndrome from viral pneumonia, and potentially help disease phenotyping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T14:27:35Z","timestamp":1611152855000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Frequency and characterization of ancillary chest CT findings in COVID-19 pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2538-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of \u201cScienze Radiologiche\u201d, University of Parma , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Eufrasia","family":"Ledda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of \u201cScienze Radiologiche\u201d, University of Parma , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schiebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, UW-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Balbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Sironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Milone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of \u201cScienze Radiologiche\u201d, University of Parma , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Affanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Igiene e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Parma , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Milanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of \u201cScienze Radiologiche\u201d, University of Parma , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Sverzellati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of \u201cScienze Radiologiche\u201d, University of Parma , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050215483372800_b1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n          \n\u00a0. 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