{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T21:09:35Z","timestamp":1773436175937,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1123","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fetal \u201cblack bone\u201d MRI could be useful in the diagnosis of various skeletal conditions during pregnancy without exposure to ionizing radiation. Previously suggested susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is not available in the suggested form on all scanners leading to long imaging times that are susceptible to motion artefacts. We aimed to assess if an optimized T2*-weighted GRE sequence can provide viable \u201cblack bone\u201d contrast and compared it to other sequences in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted on 17 patients who underwent fetal MRI. Patients were imaged with an optimized T2*-weighted GRE sequence, as well as at least one other \u201cblack-bone\u201d sequence. Image quality was scored by four blinded observers on a five-point scale.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The T2*-weighted GRE sequence offered adequate to excellent image quality in 63% of cases and scored consistently higher than the three other comparison sequences when comparing images from the same patient. Image quality was found to be dependent on gestational age with good image quality achieved on almost all patients after 26 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T2*-weighted GRE imaging can provide adequate fetal \u201cblack bone\u201d contrast and performs at least as well as other sequences in the literature due to good bone to soft tissue contrast and minimal motion artefacts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T2*-weighted fetal \u201cblack-bone\u201d imaging can provide excellent bone to soft tissue contrast without using ionizing radiation. It is as good as other \u201cblack bone\u201d sequences and may be simpler and more widely implemented, with less motion artefacts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T19:22:34Z","timestamp":1621020154000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["T2*-weighted MRI produces viable fetal \u201cBlack-Bone\u201d contrast with significant benefits when compared to current sequences"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7970-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Francis","family":"Goodall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield , UK"},{"name":"The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Birkenhead , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elspeth","family":"Whitby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"2024050215520064600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.06.004","article-title":"Fetal MRI of the central nervous system: state-of-the-art","volume":"93","author":"Manganaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-017-0834-7","article-title":"Highlights on MRI of the fetal body","volume":"123","author":"Manganaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04537-8","article-title":"Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal dysplasias","volume":"50","author":"Gilligan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"no. 3","key":"2024050215520064600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-812946","article-title":"Fetal skeletal deformities - the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"25","author":"Blaicher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2381-7","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia with 3D CT","volume":"42","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"no. 6","key":"2024050215520064600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11578","article-title":"Radiation dose reduction at MDCT with iterative reconstruction for prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia: preliminary study using normal fetal specimens","volume":"203","author":"Tani","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"no. 6","key":"2024050215520064600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17593","article-title":"Ultra-low-dose fetal CT with model-based iterative reconstruction: a prospective pilot study","volume":"208","author":"Imai","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b8","first-page":"42","article-title":"Use of low dose computed tomography with 3D reconstructions for the prenatal evaluation of suspected skeletal dysplasia","volume":"17","author":"Adler-Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/95110289","article-title":"\u201cBlack bone\u201d MRI: a partial flip angle technique for radiation reduction in craniofacial imaging","volume":"85","author":"Eley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140496","article-title":"Foetal \"black bone\" MRI: utility in assessment of the foetal spine","volume":"88","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2019-0105","article-title":"Demonstration of human fetal bone morphology with MR imaging: a preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Matsubara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2013.06.001","article-title":"Fetal MRI: an approach to practice: a review","volume":"5","author":"Saleem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1400","article-title":"Susceptibility-Weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 1","volume":"30","author":"Haacke","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2024050215520064600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/94\/1123\/20200940\/57375635\/bjr.20200940.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/94\/1123\/20200940\/57375635\/bjr.20200940.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T16:52:36Z","timestamp":1714668756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/doi\/10.1259\/bjr.20200940\/7455673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20200940","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1285","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-880X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"article-number":"20200940"}}