{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T09:44:48Z","timestamp":1770457488238,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1127","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The aim of study is to evaluate the results of deployment of Percutaneous Radiological Gastrostomy (PRG), which is a good alternative to Surgical Gastrostomy (SG), with transoral approach in cases where Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is contraindicated, difficult or unsuccessful, in patients with high risk of American Society of Anesthesiologists with four scores. In addition, we aimed to demonstrate the advantages of mushroom pull type catheters over push type gastrostomy catheters. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This retrospective study included a total of 40 patients (18 females and 22 males) aged 21\u201392 years who underwent PRG with the antegrade transoral approach. PRG was performed by retrograde passing through the esophagus or snaring the guidewire from the stomach and taking out of the anterior abdominal wall. Patients\u2019 demographic data, indications for PRG, procedural outcomes and complications were screened and recorded. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> PRG was performed in 39 of 40 patients included in the study. Technical success rate was 97.5%. Procedure-dependent major complications such as death, aspiration, colon perforation, and deep abscess were not observed. Aspiration occurred in the first patient during the first feeding on the day after the procedure. Major complication rate was 2.5%. The total minor complication rate was 17.5% in 7 patients; parastomal leakage in 2 patients (5%), skin rash and infection in 3 (7.5%) patients, minor bleeding in 2 (5%) patients with oropharynx cancer, minimal bleeding from the gastrostomy catheter 1 week after the procedure in 1 (2.5%) patient. None of the cases had buried buffer. Tube functionality was preserved in all patients without any damage. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Mushroom tip (pull type) gastrostomy catheter is a safe treatment method for patients requiring prolonged feeding because of wide diameter, endurance, long staying opening duration, less excessive dilatation and parastomal leakage, and no need for gastropexy. Lower cost and easier access are advantageous for mushroom tip pull type catheters compared to push type gastrostomy catheters in our country. The less invasive PRG is an alternative option in patients who are difficult to administer PEG, are at high anesthesia risk and cannot be sedated. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This article is valuable in terms of its contribution to develop an alternative radiological method for the deployment of gastrostomy tubes in medical difficult patients. This method has shortened the duration of the procedure and increased the success rate in patients with difficulty in transition from the stomach to the esophagus or with difficulty in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Mushroom tip catheters can be placed successfully by radiological methods. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T18:19:56Z","timestamp":1630693196000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Radiology guided antegrade GASTROSTOMY deployment of mushroom (pull type) catheters with classical and modified methods in patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal carcinoma, and anesthesia risk"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"Bakd\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Necmettin Erbakan \u00dcniversitesi Meram T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi, Meram, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muharrem","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Necmettin Erbakan \u00dcniversitesi Meram T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi, Meram, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"\u00d6nc\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Necmettin Erbakan \u00dcniversitesi Meram T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi, Meram, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.2.6414043"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(03)00058-8"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.133.10.1076"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i24.7739"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0485-2"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1077490"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.197.3.7480742"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)70017-0"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2015.07.012"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.2.1750375"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2010.4.S1.S44"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.75.892.750371"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(02)00155-9"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.205.3.9393519"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.3.r99ma04651"},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.3.r99mr40651"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.10.1141"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002610000024"},{"key":"b19","author":"McLoughlin RF","journal-title":"G. 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