{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:16:22Z","timestamp":1784099782313,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1132","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The improvement seen in the diagnostic procedures and treatment of thoracic tumours means that patients have an increased chance of longer overall survival. Nevertheless, we can still find those who have had a recurrence or developed a secondary cancer in the previously treated area. These patients require retreatment including re-irradiation. We have reviewed the published data on thoracic re-irradiation, which shows that some specific healthy tissues can tolerate a significant dose of irradiation and these patients benefit from aggressive treatment; however, there is a risk of damage to normal tissue under these circumstances. We analysed the literature data on re-irradiation in the areas of vertebral bodies, spinal cord, breast, lung and oesophagus. We evaluated the doses of primary and secondary radiotherapy, the treatment techniques, as well as the local control and median or overall survival in patients treated with re-radiation. The longest OS is reported in the case of re-irradiation after second breast-conserving therapy where the 5-year OS range is 81 to 100% and is shorter in patients with loco-reginal re-irradiation where the 5-y OS range is 18 to 60%. 2-year OS in patients re-irradiated for lung cancer and oesophagus cancer range from 13 to 74% and 18 to 42%, respectively. Majority grade \u22653 toxicity after second breast-conserving therapy was fibrosis up to 35%. For loco-regional breast cancer recurrences, early toxicity occurred in up to 33% of patients resulting in mostly desquamation, while late toxicity was recorded in up to 23% of patients and were mostly ulcerations. Early grade \u22653 lung toxicity developed in up to 39% of patients and up to 20% of Grade 5 hemoptysis. The most frequently observed early toxicity grade \u22653 in oesophageal cancer was oesophagitis recorded in up to 57% of patients, followed by hematological complications which was recorded in up to 50% of patients. The most common late complications included dysphagia, recorded in up to 16.7% of patients. We have shown that thoracic re-irradiation is feasible and effective in achieving local control in some patients. Re-irradiation should be performed with maximum accuracy and care using the best available treatment methods with a highly conformal, image-guided approach. Due to tremendous technological progress in the field of radiotherapy, we can deliver radiation precisely, shorten the overall treatment time and potentially reduce treatment-related toxicities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T19:28:06Z","timestamp":1637954886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Re-irradiation for intra-thoracic tumours and extra-thoracic breast cancer: dose accumulation, evaluation of efficacy and toxicity based on a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Gabrys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research and Institute of Oncology , Gliwice , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Kulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Planning Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research and Institute of Oncology , Gliwice , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Namys\u0142-Kaletka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research and Institute of Oncology , Gliwice , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050216150027300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.11.014","article-title":"The principles and practice of re-irradiation in clinical oncology: an overview","volume":"30","author":"D\u00f6rr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.07.023","article-title":"Re-Irradiation of vertebral bodies","volume":"64","author":"Gabry\u015b","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.07.030","article-title":"Definitive reirradiation for locoregionally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer with proton beam therapy or intensity modulated radiation therapy: predictors of high-grade toxicity and survival outcomes","volume":"90","author":"McAvoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx160","article-title":"Targeting hypoxia to improve non-small cell lung cancer outcome","volume":"110","author":"Salem","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2020.11.009","article-title":"Re-Irradiation of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"31","author":"Hunter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429490606","volume-title":"Basic clinical radiobiology","author":"Joiner","year":"2018","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b7","article-title":"Radiobiologia kliniczna w radioonkologii","volume":"1","author":"Maciejewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medycyna Praktyczna"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.04.005","article-title":"Spinal cord re-treatments using photon and proton based radiotherapy: LQ-derived tolerance doses","volume":"64","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180111","article-title":"Modelling the influence of treatment time on the biological effectiveness of single radiosurgery treatments: derivation of \"protective\" dose modification factors","volume":"92","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.2.SPINE16976","article-title":"Reirradiation spine stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases: systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Myrehaug","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.11.005","article-title":"Re-Irradiation of vertebral body metastases: treatment in the radiosurgery era","volume":"30","author":"Myrehaug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1727","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of spinal metastases recurring in close proximity to previously irradiated spinal cord","volume":"78","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.200581","article-title":"Stereotactic spine radiosurgery: review of safety and efficacy with respect to dose and fractionation","volume":"8","author":"Huo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b14","article-title":"Histopathological findings after reirradiation compared to first irradiation of spinal bone metastases with stereotactic body radiotherapy: a cohort study","author":"Foerster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b15","first-page":"131","article-title":"Radiation tolerance of the human spinal cord","volume":"170","author":"Baumann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.11.075","article-title":"The radiation dose-response of the human spinal cord","volume":"71","author":"Schultheiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1383","article-title":"Update of human spinal cord reirradiation tolerance based on additional data from 38 patients","volume":"66","author":"Nieder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90943-C","article-title":"Radiation myelopathy following single courses of radiotherapy and retreatment","volume":"30","author":"Wong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.01.004","article-title":"Second re-irradiation: a delicate balance between safety and efficacy","volume":"58","author":"Nieder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.03.010","article-title":"Second re-irradiation: efficacy, dose and toxicity in patients who received three courses of radiotherapy with overlapping fields","volume":"99","author":"Abusaris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-021-01772-7","article-title":"New clinical data on human spinal cord re-irradiation tolerance","volume":"197","author":"Doi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02780-8","article-title":"Retreatment of the spinal cord with palliative radiotherapy","volume":"52","author":"Grosu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.08.021","article-title":"Reirradiation human spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy","volume":"82","author":"Sahgal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-017-1138-5","article-title":"Spinal cord constraints in the era of high-precision radiotherapy : Retrospective analysis of 62 spinal\/paraspinal lesions with possible infringements of spinal cord constraints within a minimal volume","volume":"193","author":"Zschaeck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrv083","article-title":"Reirradiation of spinal metastases with intensity-modulated radiation therapy: an analysis of 23 patients","volume":"57","author":"Kawashiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23629","article-title":"Conservative surgery for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence","volume":"110","author":"Vila","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2020.01.003","article-title":"Second conservative treatment for second ipsilateral breast tumor event: a systematic review of the different re-irradiation techniques","volume":"49","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e818","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0606","article-title":"Increased mortality with repeat lumpectomy alone after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.009","article-title":"Exeresis and brachytherapy as salvage treatment for local recurrence after conservative treatment for breast cancer: results of a ten-year pilot study","volume":"78","author":"Guix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2010.05.004","article-title":"Second conservative treatment for ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence using high-dose rate interstitial brachytherapy: preliminary clinical results and evaluation of patient satisfaction","volume":"10","author":"Hannoun-Levi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.07.020","article-title":"Partial breast irradiation for locally recurrent breast cancer within a second breast conserving treatment: alternative to mastectomy? Results from a prospective trial","volume":"102","author":"Kauer-Dorner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.03.026","article-title":"Accelerated partial breast irradiation with interstitial brachytherapy as second conservative treatment for ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence: multicentric study of the GEC-ESTRO breast cancer Working group","volume":"108","author":"Hannoun-Levi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2014.05.017","article-title":"Long-term followup of breast preservation by re-excision and balloon brachytherapy after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence","volume":"13","author":"Trombetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2017.04.006","article-title":"Survival after breast cancer local recurrence according to therapeutic strategies","volume":"43","author":"Houvenaeghel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5114\/jcb.2019.84689","article-title":"Second breast-conserving therapy with interstitial brachytherapy (APBI) as a salvage treatment in ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence: a retrospective study of 40 patients","volume":"11","author":"Cozzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Contemp Brachytherapy"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2019.02.004","article-title":"Second breast-conserving surgery and interstitial brachytherapy vs. salvage mastectomy for the treatment of local recurrences: 5-year results","volume":"18","author":"Smanyk\u00f3","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05221-z","article-title":"GEC-ESTRO APBI classification as a decision-making tool for the management of 2nd ipsilateral breast tumor event","volume":"176","author":"Montagne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.5114\/jcb.2019.87001","article-title":"Second breast conserving therapy after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence - a 10-year experience of re-irradiation","volume":"11","author":"Forster","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Contemp Brachytherapy"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrab004","article-title":"Interstitial multicatheter HDR-brachytherapy as accelerated partial breast irradiation after second breast-conserving surgery for locally recurrent breast cancer","volume":"62","author":"Chatzikonstantinou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00175","article-title":"Evaluation of partial breast reirradiation with intraoperative radiotherapy after prior thoracic radiation: a single-institution report of outcomes and toxicity","volume":"7","author":"Chin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2017.02.009","article-title":"Adjuvant intraoperative radiotherapy for selected breast cancers in previously irradiated women: evidence for excellent feasibility and favorable outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Blandino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4657-y","article-title":"Breast conserving surgery in combination with intraoperative radiotherapy after previous external beam therapy: an option to avoid mastectomy","volume":"168","author":"Thangarajah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-018-1315-1","article-title":"Local recurrence of breast cancer: conventionally fractionated partial external beam re-irradiation with curative intention","volume":"194","author":"Janssen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13423","article-title":"Proton beam therapy reirradiation for breast cancer: multi-institutional prospective PcG registry analysis","volume":"25","author":"Thorpe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.4320","article-title":"Effectiveness of breast-conserving surgery and 3-dimensional conformal partial breast reirradiation for recurrence of breast cancer in the ipsilateral breast: the NRG Oncology\/RTOG 1014 phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Arthur","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-021-06206-7","article-title":"Salvage of locally recurrent breast cancer with repeat breast conservation using 45 Gy hyperfractionated partial breast re-irradiation","volume":"188","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-08075-3","article-title":"Local failure after accelerated partial breast irradiation with intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons: an insight into management and outcome from an Italian multicentric study","volume":"27","author":"Leonardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35051","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6036","article-title":"Re-Irradiation for locally recurrent refractory breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Merino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b49","first-page":"116","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and toxicity of proton beam radiation therapy for re-irradiation of locally recurrent breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Gabani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2020.100640","article-title":"Reirradiation for locoregional recurrent breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Fattahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100710","article-title":"Proton reirradiation for locoregionally recurrent breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"LaRiviere","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-197","article-title":"Re-surgery and chest wall re-irradiation for recurrent breast cancer: a second curative approach","volume":"11","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.05.010","article-title":"Re-irradiation and hyperthermia after surgery for recurrent breast cancer","volume":"109","author":"Linthorst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2015.03.008","article-title":"Hyperthermia and radiation therapy for locally advanced or recurrent breast cancer","volume":"24","author":"Refaat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.04.019","article-title":"Local control rate after the combination of re-irradiation and hyperthermia for irresectable recurrent breast cancer: results in 248 patients","volume":"117","author":"Linthorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b56","article-title":"Hyperthermia and reirradiation for locoregional recurrences in preirradiated breast cancers: a single institutional experience","volume":"145","author":"Datta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.10.017","article-title":"Reirradiation and hyperthermia for irresectable locoregional recurrent breast cancer in previously irradiated area: size matters","volume":"117","author":"Oldenborg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-016-0946-3","article-title":"Rib fractures after reirradiation plus hyperthermia for recurrent breast cancer: predictive factors","volume":"192","author":"Oldenborg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2016.1235731","article-title":"Hypofractionated re-irradiation of large-sized recurrent breast cancer with thermography-controlled, contact-free water-filtered infra-red-A hyperthermia: a retrospective study of 73 patients","volume":"33","author":"Notter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-017-1241-7","article-title":"Reirradiation + hyperthermia for recurrent breast cancer en cuirasse","volume":"194","author":"Oldenborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030606","article-title":"Combined wIRA-Hyperthermia and Hypofractionated re-irradiation in the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer: evaluation of therapeutic outcome based on a novel size classification","volume":"12","author":"Notter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.05.035","article-title":"Partial breast irradiation as second conservative treatment for local breast cancer recurrence","volume":"60","author":"Hannoun-Levi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02785-2","article-title":"Repeat high-dose external beam irradiation for in-breast tumor recurrence after previous lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation","volume":"53","author":"Deutsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.03.016","article-title":"NRG Oncology-Radiation therapy Oncology Group study 1014: 1-year toxicity report from a phase 2 study of repeat breast-preserving surgery and 3-dimensional conformal Partial-Breast reirradiation for In-Breast recurrence","volume":"98","author":"Arthur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.11.004","article-title":"Re-irradiation and hyperthermia in breast cancer","volume":"30","author":"Kaidar-Person","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(96)00154-X","article-title":"Radiotherapy with or without hyperthermia in the treatment of superficial localized breast cancer: results from five randomized controlled trials. International collaborative hyperthermia group","volume":"35","author":"Vernon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.12.361","article-title":"Hyperthermia and radiation therapy in locoregional recurrent breast cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Datta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.11.003","article-title":"Re-Irradiation for locally recurrent lung cancer: evidence, risks and benefits","volume":"30","author":"Rulach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e620","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70345-6","article-title":"High-dose re-irradiation following radical radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"De Ruysscher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.08.014","article-title":"Feasibility of proton beam therapy for reirradiation of locoregionally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"109","author":"McAvoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e31826b9950","article-title":"Reirradiation for locoregionally recurrent lung cancer: outcomes in small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Kruser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2013.12.006","article-title":"High-dose, conventionally fractionated thoracic reirradiation for lung tumors","volume":"83","author":"Griffioen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.02.008","article-title":"High-dose conventional thoracic re-irradiation for lung cancer: updated results","volume":"88","author":"Tetar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0673-z","article-title":"Re-irradiation for locoregionally recurrent tumors of the thorax: a single-institution, retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Sumita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.10.018","article-title":"Multi-Institutional prospective study of reirradiation with proton beam radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Chao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13555","article-title":"Feasibility of carbon-ion radiotherapy for re-irradiation of locoregionally recurrent, metastatic, or secondary lung tumors","volume":"109","author":"Hayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-019-01457-2","article-title":"Re-irradiation in locally recurrent lung cancer patients","volume":"195","author":"Schlampp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2019.02.008","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent lung cancer Reirradiated with proton therapy on the proton Collaborative group and University of Florida proton therapy Institute prospective registry studies","volume":"9","author":"Badiyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.09.012","article-title":"Toxicity after reirradiation of pulmonary tumours with stereotactic body radiotherapy","volume":"101","author":"Peulen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.02.020","article-title":"Predicting radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic ablative radiation therapy in patients previously treated with conventional thoracic radiation therapy","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-99","article-title":"Toxicity and outcomes of thoracic re-irradiation using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)","volume":"8","author":"Reyngold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.11.017","article-title":"Thoracic re-irradiation using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) techniques as first or second course of treatment","volume":"110","author":"Kilburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.01.012","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for re-irradiation of persistent or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"88","author":"Trovo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s13566-014-0175-2","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for re-irradiation of lung cancer recurrence with lower biological effective doses","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000457129","article-title":"Re-Irradiation of locoregional NSCLC recurrence using robotic stereotactic body radiotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Ceylan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.02.018","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of salvage stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for isolated lung recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2017.11.011","article-title":"Thoracic reirradiation with SBRT for residual\/recurrent and new primary NSCLC within or immediately adjacent to a prior high-dose radiation field","volume":"8","author":"Horne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1041-y","article-title":"Re-irradiation in lung disease by SBRT: a retrospective, single institutional study","volume":"13","author":"Caivano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5542-3","article-title":"Long term efficacy and toxicity after stereotactic ablative reirradiation in locally relapsed stage III non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"19","author":"Sumodhee","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2020.06.006","article-title":"Repeat thoracic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for nonsmall cell lung cancer: long-term outcomes, toxicity, and dosimetric considerations","volume":"5","author":"Ricco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.05.010","article-title":"Ultra-central thoracic re-irradiation using 10-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer tumors: preliminary toxicity and efficacy outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Sood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83210-3","article-title":"In-field stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) reirradiation for pulmonary malignancies as a multicentre analysis of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO)","volume":"11","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.03.015","article-title":"Reirradiation and stereotactic radiotherapy for tumors in the lung: dose summation and toxicity","volume":"107","author":"Meijneke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.12.007","article-title":"Dosimetric factors and toxicity in highly conformal thoracic reirradiation","volume":"94","author":"Binkley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1016-z","article-title":"The risk and predictors for severe radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients treated with thoracic reirradiation","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181390","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1390","article-title":"Association of long-term outcomes and survival with multidisciplinary salvage treatment for local and regional recurrence after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for early-stage lung cancer","volume":"1","author":"Brooks","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2018.472","article-title":"High-Dose thoracic re-irradiation of lung cancer using highly conformal radiotherapy is effective with acceptable toxicity","volume":"51","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b98","first-page":"76","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and toxicity predictors of thoracic re-irradiation for locoregionally recurrent lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28030170","article-title":"Re-irradiation for locally recurrent lung cancer: a single center retrospective analysis","volume":"28","author":"Grambozov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2020.02.001","article-title":"Challenges in re-irradiation in the thorax: managing patients with locally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"30","author":"Fischer-Valuck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.02.002","article-title":"Aortic dose constraints when reirradiating thoracic tumors","volume":"106","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2009.05.001","article-title":"Generation of composite dose and biological effective dose (BED) over multiple treatment modalities and multistage planning using deformable image registration","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.070","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with lung cancer previously treated with thoracic radiation","volume":"78","author":"Kelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.244","article-title":"Tolerance of the brachial plexus to high-dose reirradiation","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2S Supplement","key":"2024050216150027300_b105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.02.583","article-title":"American radium Society (ARS) and American College of radiology (ACR) appropriate use criteria systematic review and guidelines on reirradiation for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)","volume":"108","author":"Simone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60643-6","article-title":"Oesophageal carcinoma","volume":"381","author":"Pennathur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.59.9092","article-title":"Salvage surgery after chemoradiotherapy in the management of esophageal cancer: is it a viable therapeutic option?","volume":"33","author":"Markar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7156","article-title":"Importance of surveillance and success of salvage strategies after definitive chemoradiation in patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"32","author":"Sudo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11228","article-title":"Pattern of recurrence following complete resection of esophageal carcinoma and factors predictive of recurrent disease","volume":"97","author":"Mariette","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1122-y","article-title":"Survival benefit of re-irradiation in esophageal cancer patients with locoregional recurrence: a propensity score-matched analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0780-5","article-title":"Definitive salvage radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy for lymph node oligo-recurrence of esophageal cancer: a Japanese multi-institutional study of 237 patients","volume":"12","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2020.2044","article-title":"Definitive re-irradiation of locally recurrent esophageal cancer after trimodality therapy in patients with a poor performance status","volume":"13","author":"W Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1402-1","article-title":"Evaluating the optimal re-irradiation dose for locally recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive radiotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2012.30.4.182","article-title":"Re-irradiation of recurrent esophageal cancer after primary definitive radiotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol J"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-015-0358-z","article-title":"Salvage radiotherapy in patients with local recurrent esophageal cancer after radical radiochemotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2017.1384","article-title":"Re-irradiation of locoregional esophageal cancer recurrence following definitive chemoradiotherapy: a report of 6 cases","volume":"7","author":"Katano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0882-0","article-title":"Re-irradiation for oligo-recurrence from esophageal cancer with radiotherapy history: a multi-institutional study","volume":"12","author":"Jingu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14208","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with Oligo-recurrence treated with radical re-irradiation","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01685-2","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of re-irradiation for esophageal cancer patients with locoregional recurrence: a retrospective analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.12.005","article-title":"A prospective study of proton beam reirradiation for esophageal cancer","volume":"95","author":"Fernandes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2018.09.06","article-title":"Novel use of proton beam therapy for neoadjuvant treatment of radiation-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2015.02.392","article-title":"Salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for esophageal cancer in previously irradiated patients: a retrospective analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wong Hee Kam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyw195","article-title":"Elective nodal irradiation is not necessary in chemoradiotherapy for postoperative loco-regional recurrent esophageal cancer","volume":"47","author":"Jingu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024050216150027300_b124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32220","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4730","article-title":"Tolerance and dose-volume relationship of intrathoracic stomach irradiation after esophagectomy for patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/95\/1132\/20201292\/57372233\/bjr.20201292.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/95\/1132\/20201292\/57372233\/bjr.20201292.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T18:41:43Z","timestamp":1714675303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/doi\/10.1259\/bjr.20201292\/7451494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20201292","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1285","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-880X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"article-number":"20201292"}}