{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:07:50Z","timestamp":1753884470544,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1122","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the visualization of incidentally imaged normal pituitary gland on three-dimensional (3D) pseudo continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) perfusion imaging of the brain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ninety-three patients with a normal pituitary gland who underwent 3D PCASL for suspected brain diseases were retrospectively included. Visualization of the pituitary gland on PCASL cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps was assessed independently by two observers using a three-point grading system: Grade 1, pituitary CBF \u2264 CBF of the cerebral white matter (WM); Grade 2, CBF of WM &amp;lt; pituitary\u2009CBF \u2264 CBF of the cortical gray matter (GM); and Grade 3, CBF of GM &amp;lt; pituitary\u2009CBF. The interobserver agreement of visual grading was determined using weighted \u03ba statistic. The associations of visual grades with age, sex, and pituitary volume were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Pituitary glands were divided equally into three groups (small, medium, and large) according to their volume for categorization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The interobserver agreement for visual rating was excellent (weighted \u03ba = 0.823). Of the 93 cases, Grades 1, 2, and 3 included 17 (18.3%), 41 (44.1%), and 35 cases (37.6%), respectively. Medium and large pituitary volume were significantly associated with Grade 3 visualization (p = 0.0153, OR = 4.8323; 95%\u2009CI: 1.3525, 17.2649 and p = 0.0009; OR = 9.0299; 95%\u2009CI: 2.4663, 33.0614, respectively), whereas there was no significant association for age or sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The normal pituitary gland is often visualized with higher CBF than cortical GM on 3D PCASL, especially in individuals with larger pituitary volume.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Appearance of the normal pituitary gland on 3D PCASL has been documented for the first time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T19:00:43Z","timestamp":1619722843000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visualization of incidentally imaged pituitary gland on three-dimensional arterial spin labeling of the brain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Bohara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Nakajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyohisa","family":"Kamimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohide","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Ayukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2918-4336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050215450043300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20412","article-title":"The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Ezzat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024050215450043300_b2","first-page":"1428","article-title":"Clinical and endocrine aspects of pituitary tumors","volume":"25","author":"Zargar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"2024050215450043300_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rmr.0000224682.91253.15","article-title":"Pituitary gland: development, normal appearances, and magnetic resonance imaging protocols","volume":"16","author":"Castillo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2024050215450043300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(86)80154-4","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland","volume":"37","author":"Glaser","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215450043300_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.177.1.2399335","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas and normal pituitary tissue: enhancement patterns on gadopentetate-enhanced MR imaging","volume":"177","author":"Miki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024050215450043300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(98)00024-2","article-title":"Pituitary gland. variable signal intensities on MRI. 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