{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:21:31Z","timestamp":1792592491484,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1134","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although sarcopenia and osteoporosis are inter-related conditions that are common with advancing age, few studies have explored relationships between muscle quality and bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated age- and sex-specific paraspinal muscle fat infiltration (MFI), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and spine volumetric BMD (vBMD) in healthy Chinese adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>605 healthy adults aged 20\u201359 years (340 women, mean age 39.2 years; 265 men, mean age 38.8 years) had axial T \u00a02WI MRI imaging of the lumbar spine and CSA (cm2) and MFI (%) were measured in the psoas and multifidus and erector spinae (MF-ES) muscles (L3\u2013L4). MFI measurements were calibrated against a region of interest in an adjacent area of subcutaneous pure fat. L2\u2013L4 vBMD was measured by quantitative CT. Age- and sex-specific subgroups were compared using the Mann\u2013Whitney test. Multiple regression was used to test independent associations of MFI and CSA with vBMD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Females had lower CSA and higher MFI than males in both the psoas and MF-ES muscles (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In females and males, MF-ES MFI increased with age (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and in females age-related increases were observed for the psoas muscles (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Greater fat infiltration of the MS-ES muscle unit was associated with lower vBMD in both sexes (p &amp;lt; 0.001) but not with CSA. Following adjustment for demographic variables and CSA, MS-ES MFI remained predictive of vBMD (\u03b2 = \u22120.408 to \u22120.157, p &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have demonstrated that, independent of CSA and demographic variables, MFI of the MF-ES muscles is predictive of lower lumbar spine vBMD in both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first study to demonstrate that, independent of muscle size and demographic variables, MFI of the paraspinal MF-ES muscles is predictive of lower lumbar spine vBMD in both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n               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Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen M","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Konerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University , Durham , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing 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