{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T02:47:57Z","timestamp":1761965277250,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1126","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To systematically review the published data regarding the cumulative exposure to radiation in selected cohorts of adults or paediatric patients due to diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted PubMed\/Medline searches of peer-reviewed papers on cumulated effective dose (CED) from diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures published between 01 January 2010 until 31 January 2021. Studies were considered eligible if the contribution of nuclear medicine examinations to total CED was &amp;gt;10%. Studies reporting cumulative doses in a single episode of care or in a limited time (\u22641\u2009year) were excluded. The main outcomes for which data were sought were the CED accrued by patients, the period in which the CED was accrued, the percentage of patients with CED &amp;gt; 100\u2009mSv and the percentage contribution due to nuclear medicine procedures to the overall CED.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The studies included in the synthesis were 18 which enrolled a total of 1,76,371 patients. Eleven (1,757 patients), three (1,74,079 patients) and four (535 patients) were related to oncological, cardiologic and transplanted patients, respectively. All the studies were retrospective; some of the source materials referred to small number of patients and some of the patients were followed for a short time. Not many studies accurately quantified the contribution of nuclear medicine procedures to the overall radiation exposure due to medical imaging. Finally, most of the studies covered an observation period which extended mainly in the 2000\u20132010 decade.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a need of prospective, multicentric studies enrolling a greater number of patients, followed for longer period in selected groups of patients to fully capture the cumulative exposure to radiation in these settings<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review allows to identify selected group of patients with a specific health status in which the cumulated exposure to radiation may be of concern and where the contribution of nuclear medicine procedures to the total CED is significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T18:16:43Z","timestamp":1628705803000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cumulative radiation doses due to nuclear medicine examinations: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera \u201cSS. Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo\u201d , Alessandria , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d , Novara , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kuchci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Matheoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d , Novara , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Muni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera \u201cSS. Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo\u201d , Alessandria , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050215551079500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06528-7","article-title":"Multinational data on cumulative radiation exposure of patients from recurrent radiological procedures: call for action","volume":"30","author":"Brambilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215551079500_b2","article-title":"European Federation of organizations for medical physics, European Society of radiology, global diagnostic imaging, healthcare it and radiation therapy trade association (DITTA), heads of European radiological competent authorities, image gently alliance, International organization for medical physics, International Society of radiology, International Society of Radiographers and radiological technologists","volume":"18","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joint Position Statement And Call For Action For Strengthening Radiation Protection Of Patients Undergoing Recurrent Radiological Imaging Procedures"},{"key":"2024050215551079500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06523-y","article-title":"Patients undergoing recurrent CT scans: assessing the magnitude","volume":"30","author":"Rehani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215551079500_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2020.07.014","article-title":"Estimates of the number of patients with high cumulative doses through recurrent CT exams in 35 OECD countries","volume":"76","author":"Rehani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"2024050215551079500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07696-1","article-title":"European Society of radiology (ESR). cumulative effective dose from recurrent CT examinations in Europe: proposal for clinical guidance based on an ESR EuroSafe imaging survey","author":"Frija","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024050215551079500_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.22227","article-title":"Radiation effective dose above 100 mSv from Fluoroscopically guided intervention: frequency and patient medical condition","volume":"215","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050215551079500_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.10.025","article-title":"Cumulative radiation dose from medical imaging in chronic adult patients","volume":"126","author":"Brambilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024050215551079500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2013.12.005","article-title":"Cumulative radiation dose estimates from medical imaging in paediatric patients with non-oncologic chronic illnesses. 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