{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:21:00Z","timestamp":1793506860504,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1128","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p> To identify associations between MRI-detected skin thickening and enhancement and metastasis-free survival (MFS) given recent reports of skin thickening on ultrasound being a poorer prognostic indicator. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Interrogation of a prospectively collected database of ultrasound-visible breast lesions showed 214 lesions with pre-treatment MRIs available for analysis in a single centre. Data on MFS was prospectively collected. Retrospective MRI review was performed blinded to outcome. Imaging factors recorded were presence of skin thickening and enhancement, non-mass-enhancement (NME) and abnormal nodes, mass characteristics, perilesional oedema and background parenchymal enhancement. Statistical analysis used chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the Log-rank test and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> During a median follow-up period of 5.6 years, 21 (10%) of 212 patients developed distant metastases. Skin thickening [24 of 30 (80%) vs 169 of 184 (92%), p = 0.043] and skin enhancement [15 of 20 (75%) vs 178 of 194 (92%), p = 0.016] were associated with poorer MFS. Large index lesion size [p &lt; 0.001, AUC 0.823], large sum of masses [p &lt; 0.001, AUC 0.813], increasing total lesion extent including NME [p &lt; 0.001, AUC 0.749] and abnormal axillary nodes [55 of 66 (83%) vs 138 of 148 (93%), p = 0.024] were also associated with poorer MFS. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Skin thickening and enhancement on breast MRI are associated with poorer MFS. These findings should be taken into account when managing patients with invasive breast cancer. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Skin enhancement on breast MRI at diagnosis is associated with metastases development. Skin thickening on breast MRI is associated with future metastatic disease. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T16:36:54Z","timestamp":1633019814000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A retrospective review of MRI features associated with metastasis-free survival in women with breast cancer: focusing on skin thickening and skin enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Valentine","family":"Mberu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E Jane","family":"Macaskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Surgery, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.06.003"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.07.006"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2002.1110"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47118-3","volume":"9","author":"Li Y","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0725"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.012"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111317"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05592-8"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017171157"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39629-w"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4143-6"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.3.r00dc07841"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-020-0147-z"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64564-6","volume":"10","author":"Lee J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7785\/tcrt.2012.500266"},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162079"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003000","volume":"95","author":"Choi JS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"b18","volume-title":"ACR BI-RADS\u00ae atlas, breast imaging reporting and data system","author":"D\u2019Orsi CJ","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(00)00167-3"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13104\/imri.2016.20.1.9"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2007.11680057"},{"key":"b22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2017.00416"},{"key":"b23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26711"},{"key":"b24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/ejbh.2019.4547"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2019.04.017"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0427"},{"key":"b27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-015-0404-2"},{"key":"b28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12774"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4889"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.birpublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1259\/bjr.20210472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T16:41:48Z","timestamp":1705077708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/7451699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1128","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1259\/bjr.20210472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20210472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1285","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-880X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"article-number":"20210472"}}