{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:39:41Z","timestamp":1791229181188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1149","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish the provision and use of radiation personal protective equipment (PPE) and dosimetry amongst UK interventional radiology (IR) trainees and highlight areas of improvement in order to enhance the radiation safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey questionnaire was designed by members of the British Society of Interventional Radiology (BSIR) trainee committee via survey monkey and distributed to UK IR trainees via the BSIR membership mailing list, local representatives and Twitter. The survey was open from 04\/01\/2021 to 20\/02\/2021. Only IR trainees in years ST4 and above were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 73 respondents, 62 qualified for analysis. Respondents (81% male) spent a median of 5.5 sessions (half day list) per week in the angiography suite and 58% (n=36) had difficulty finding appropriately sized lead aprons at least once a week. Overall 53% (n=33) had concerns about their radiation PPE. Furthermore 56% of trainees (n=35) experienced back pain among other symptoms attributed to wearing the lead aprons available to them. 77% (n=48) regularly wore lead glasses. For trainees requiring prescription glasses (n=22) overfit goggles were provided however 17 (77%) of these trainees felt the goggles compromised their ability to perform the procedure. Eye and finger dosimeters were used by 50% and 52% of respondents respectively. Compliance with body dosimetry was 99%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Provision of radiation PPE and dose monitoring for IR trainees is suboptimal, particularly access to adequate eye protection or suitably fitting leads. Based on the findings of this survey, recommendations have been made to promote the safety and radiation awareness of IR trainees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation protection practices for IR trainees nationally are poor. Provision of suitable eye protection and well fitting lead body protection is low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20230071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T07:02:48Z","timestamp":1690354968000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Better safe than so ray: national survey of radiation protection amongst interventional radiology trainees in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom"},{"name":"UK National Interventional Radiology Trainee Research (UNITE) Collaborative , London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK National Interventional Radiology Trainee Research (UNITE) Collaborative , London, UK"},{"name":"Peninsula Radiology Academy , Plymouth, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK National Interventional Radiology Trainee Research (UNITE) Collaborative , London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Harborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK National Interventional Radiology Trainee Research (UNITE) Collaborative , London, UK"},{"name":"Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Trust , London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation , London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Haslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation , London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050216094493900_b1","unstructured":"Royal College of Radiologists. Interventional Radiology: Specialty Training Curriculum2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.rcr.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/interventional_radiology_curriculum_2021.pdf (accessed \u00a03 Jan 2022)"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b2","unstructured":"Clinical radiology UK workforce censusreport 2021. royal college of radiologists. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.rcr.ac.uk"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.S1.S10","article-title":"Is the linear no-threshold dose-response paradigm still necessary for the assessment of health effects of low dose radiation?","volume":"31","author":"Seong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.10.008","article-title":"Kang S ha Mhealth effects from occupational radiation exposure among Fluoroscopy-guided Interventional medical workers: A","volume":"29","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-021-02984-1","article-title":"The UNITE collaborative: early experiences of introducing collaborative Trainee research to Interventional Radiology in the United Kingdom","volume":"45","author":"Mandal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b6","unstructured":"Work with ionising radiation: Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017. Health and Safety Executive \u00a02017."},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b7","unstructured":"Health and Safety Act 1974. internet. 2014. Available from: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/1974\/37\/section\/7January (accessed \u00a03 Jan 2022)"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b8","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive\n          . Risk at Work - Personal protective equipment (PPE). Available from: https:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/toolbox\/ppe.htm (accessed \u00a01 Mar 2022)"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.265055127","article-title":"An investigation of operator exposure in Interventional Radiology","volume":"26","author":"Schueler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8455","article-title":"Occupational dose in Interventional Radiology procedures","volume":"200","author":"Chida","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0435-3","article-title":"Occupational radiation exposure and risk of cataract incidence in a cohort of US Radiologic Technologists","volume":"33","author":"Little","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn171","article-title":"Risk of cataract after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation: A 20-year prospective cohort study among US Radiologic Technologists","volume":"168","author":"Chodick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-020-00133-2","article-title":"Response of UK Interventional Radiologists to the COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 survey findings","volume":"3","author":"Rostampour","year":"2020","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02692-2","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology services in the UK","volume":"44","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02319-1","article-title":"Protective efficacy of different ocular radiation protection devices: A phantom study","volume":"43","author":"Koenig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.12.060","article-title":"Brain and neck tumors among physicians performing Interventional procedures","volume":"111","author":"Roguin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.10.017","article-title":"Society of Interventional Radiology","volume":"28","author":"Dixon","journal-title":"Occupational Back and Neck Pain and the Interventional RadiologistJournal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2502082558","article-title":"Occupational health hazards in the Interventional laboratory: time for a safer environment","volume":"250","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b19","first-page":"544","volume-title":"Comparison of lead-free and conventional X-ray aprons for diagnostic radiology. World congress on medical physics and biomedical engineering","author":"D\u00f6ssel","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b20","unstructured":"RCR Clinical radiology census report 2021. Royal College of Radiologists. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.rcr.ac.uk\/clinical-radiology\/rcr-clinical-radiology-census-report-2021"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b21","first-page":"1789","article-title":"Disease and injury incidence and prevalence collaborators. global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"10159","author":"GBD","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1443","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003174","article-title":"Personal and societal impact of low back pain","volume":"44","author":"Dutmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"SPINE"},{"key":"2024050216094493900_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-018-1967-3","article-title":"The Interventional Radiology (IR) gender gap: A prospective online survey by the cardiovascular and Interventional radiological society of Europe (CIRSE)","volume":"41","author":"Wah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/96\/1149\/20230071\/57371171\/bjr.20230071.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/96\/1149\/20230071\/57371171\/bjr.20230071.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T14:33:27Z","timestamp":1714660407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/doi\/10.1259\/bjr.20230071\/7469177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1149","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20230071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1285","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-880X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"article-number":"20230071"}}