{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:07:30Z","timestamp":1788991650684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1150","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common entrapment neuropathy, is compression of the median nerve deep to transverse carpal ligament at wrist. Ultrasonography and electrophysiological study are complementary in the diagnosis and grading of CTS in appropriate clinical settings. The initial management of patients with CTS is conservative with medical therapy and splinting. However, surgical interventions are indicated in patients in whom medical management has failed. With evolution of the concept of safe zone on ultrasonography and identification of the sonoanatomical landmarks of carpal tunnel in greater detail, Ultrasonography-guided interventions are safer and preferred over surgical management in CTS. The primary ultrasonography-guided interventions include perineural injection, perineural hydrodissection and ultrasonography-guided release of transverse carpal ligament. This review article presents the principles of ultrasonography-guided perineural injection, perineural hydrodissection in CTS, the merits and demerits of injectant used in perineural injection\/ hydrodissection, and percutaneous ultrasonography-guided thread release of transverse carpal ligament utilizing the concept of safe zone of the ultrasonography-guided interventions for CTS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20230552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T18:04:55Z","timestamp":1693764295000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ultrasound-guided interventions in primary carpal tunnel syndrome: perineural injection to thread carpal tunnel release"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Nishith","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shishir Kumar","family":"Chandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divesh","family":"Jalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skand","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Injury Centre, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binita","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharmendra Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050216165603400_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001206010069","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: a review of the recent literature","volume":"6","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"2024050216165603400_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2011.01.006","article-title":"Carpal tunnel: normal anatomy, anatomical variants and ultrasound technique","volume":"14","author":"Presazzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J 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