{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:07:45Z","timestamp":1788880065855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJR|Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A wide spectrum of conditions, from life-threatening to non-urgent, can manifest with acute dyspnea, thus presenting major challenges for the treating physician when establishing the diagnosis and severity of the underlying disease. Imaging plays a decisive role in the assessment of acute dyspnea of cardiac and\/or pulmonary origin. This article presents an overview of the current imaging modalities used to narrow the differential diagnosis in the assessment of acute dyspnea of cardiac or pulmonary origin. The current indications, findings, accuracy, and limits of each imaging modality are reported. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Chest radiography is usually the primary imaging modality applied. There is a low radiation dose associated with this method, and it can assess the presence of fluid in the lung or pleura, consolidations, hyperinflation, pneumothorax, as well as heart enlargement. However, its low sensitivity limits the ability of the chest radiograph to accurately identify the causes of acute dyspnea. <\/jats:p><jats:p> CT provides more detailed imaging of the cardiorespiratory system, and therefore, better sensitivity and specificity results, but it is accompanied by higher radiation exposure. Ultrasonography has the advantage of using no radiation, and is fast and feasible as a bedside test and appropriate for the assessment of unstable patients. However, patient-specific factors, such as body habitus, may limit its image quality and interpretability. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Advances in knowledge <\/jats:p><jats:p> This review provides guidance to the appropriate choice of imaging modalities in the diagnosis of patients with dyspnea of cardiac or pulmonary origin. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjro.20220026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T03:21:27Z","timestamp":1673493687000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Imaging in patients with acute dyspnea when cardiac or pulmonary origin is suspected"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruxandra-Iulia","family":"Milos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Bartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences, CHC MontLegia, Li\u00e9ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"R\u00f6hrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt H.","family":"Heidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Prayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wassipaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kifjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, UMass Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin L","family":"Watzenboeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svitlana","family":"Pochepnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Prosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13118","volume":"24","author":"Kelly AM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST","volume":"185","author":"Parshall MB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000571","volume":"26","author":"Laribi S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4926","volume":"10","author":"Ray P","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa121","volume":"50","author":"Kelly A-M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.01.032","volume":"14","author":"Vogel-Claussen J","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh TA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.10.018","volume":"40","author":"Kennedy S","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2004.09.004","volume":"6","author":"Fonseca C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"11","key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003419","volume":"17","author":"Kobayashi M","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"b12","first-page":"398","volume":"4","author":"Cardinale L","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2950","volume":"194","author":"Kitazono MT","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.09.012","volume":"15","author":"Jokerst C","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","volume":"44","author":"Mandell LA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","volume":"246","author":"Hansell DM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.029","volume":"117","author":"Basi SK","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.08.041","volume":"31","author":"Self WH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.5556","volume":"55","author":"Haga T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.05.035","volume":"53","author":"Long B","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.5205-20","volume":"60","author":"Sasaki H","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.04.003","volume":"158","author":"Rubin GD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04188-2020","volume":"58","author":"Sverzellati N","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.02.005","volume":"76","author":"Shen B","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06967-7","volume":"30","author":"Vancheri SG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E72","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201160","volume":"296","author":"Wong HYF","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150473","volume":"278","author":"Pandharipande PV","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2018.10.004","volume":"70","author":"Seidel J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa575","volume":"42","author":"Collet J-P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200963","volume":"386","author":"DISCHARGE Trial Group","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.012","volume":"75","author":"Linde JJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0358","volume":"327","author":"Bhatt DL","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2022.0004","volume":"29","author":"Miger K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08676-9","volume":"32","author":"Vittoria de Martini I","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv318","volume":"36","author":"Adler Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W2","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000153","volume":"30","author":"Heitkamp DE","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000133","volume":"30","author":"Levesque MH","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0169-2021","volume":"31","author":"Hamblin M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14570","volume":"17","author":"Kraaijpoel N","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.10.1529","volume":"160","author":"K\u00fcrkciyan I","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01647-2019","volume":"54","author":"Konstantinides SV","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001052","volume":"4","author":"Patel P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.01.023","volume":"128","author":"Meinel FG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.26930","volume":"3","author":"Wang RC","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005753","volume":"13","author":"Kline JA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15124","volume":"19","author":"Germini F","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185121995804","volume":"63","author":"T\u00e6kker M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11100993","volume":"11","author":"Fusco R","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0909487","volume":"364","author":"Moore CL","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.04.118","volume":"156","author":"Koenig S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5504","volume":"174","author":"Gartlehner G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.02.003","volume":"151","author":"Zanobetti M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0703","volume":"2","author":"Maw AM","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0001","volume":"136","author":"Lichtenstein DA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.96-07096","volume":"156","author":"Lichtenstein D","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.5.1690","volume":"127","author":"Agricola E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.07.008","volume":"7","author":"Platz E","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802010000200009","volume":"128","author":"Grimberg A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13016","volume":"17","author":"Alrajab S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2946","volume":"140","author":"Ding W","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2434","volume":"10","author":"Soni NJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2021.0036","volume":"21","author":"Bhoil R","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ultrason"},{"key":"b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.5.1345","volume":"108","author":"Lichtenstein DA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-020-01074-y","volume":"48","author":"Kameda T","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Ultrason (2001)"},{"issue":"3","key":"b65","volume":"3","author":"Islam N","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24020","volume":"53","author":"Balk DS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2833","volume":"135","author":"Pereda MA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["BJR|Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.birpublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1259\/bjro.20220026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T15:46:11Z","timestamp":1705074371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjro\/article\/7468308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1259\/bjro.20220026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjro.20220026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2513-9878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2513-9878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"article-number":"20220026"}}