{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:44:37Z","timestamp":1791481477790,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentomaxillofacial Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this paper is to provide recommendations towards the appropriate use of thyroid shielding in dental cone beam CT (CBCT). Based on current evidence of thyroid radiosensitivity, dosimetric data in the presence and absence of shielding, and a depiction of potential adverse effects of thyroid shielding, a concise set of recommendations was prepared. According to current risk models, thyroid sensitivity is particularly high at a young age, and much higher for females. In the literature, involving adult male, female and paediatric reference phantoms, the use of a tightly fitted thyroid collar with a lead-equivalent thickness of at least 0.25\u2009mm has consistently shown a significant reduction (average: 45.9%) of the equivalent dose to the thyroid. It can therefore be recommended that thyroid shielding should be routinely used for children undergoing CBCT scanning and is recommended for adults up to the age of 50. The increase of the X-ray tube current from automatic exposure control systems due to thyroid shielding can be avoided by placing the shielding collar after acquiring the scout images. Should real-time tube current modulation be implemented in dental CBCT imaging in the future, perspectives regarding the appropriate use of shielding may change according to current trends in CT. In view of the manifestation of metal artefacts, shielding is best avoided if radiological evaluation of tissues below the lower border of the mandible is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20190014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T14:41:13Z","timestamp":1561473673000},"page":"20190014","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Thyroid shielding in cone beam computed tomography: recommendations towards appropriate use"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Ruben","family":"Pauwels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Horner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenia","family":"Vassileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madan M.","family":"Rehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","first-page":"1","volume":"37","author":"International Commission on Radiological Protection.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"b2","volume-title":"Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII","author":"National Research Council of the National Academies","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130654"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160311"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20150108"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.06.001"},{"key":"b7","volume-title":"Report to the General Assembly. 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