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RNase II can remove the poly(A) tails but fails to degrade the mRNA as it cannot overcome the RNA termination hairpin, while PNPase plays only a modest role in this degradation. We now demonstrate that in the absence of RNase E, RNase R is the relevant factor in the poly(A)-dependent degradation of the <jats:italic>rps<\/jats:italic>O mRNA. Moreover, we have found that the RNase R inactivation counteracts the extended degradation of this transcript observed in RNase II-deficient cells. Elongated <jats:italic>rps<\/jats:italic>O transcripts harboring increasing poly(A) tails are specifically recognized by RNase R and strongly accumulate in the absence of this exonuclease. The 3\u2032 oligo(A) extension may stimulate the binding of RNase R, allowing the complete degradation of the mRNA, as RNase R is not susceptible to RNA secondary structures. Moreover, this regulation is shown to occur despite the presence of PNPase. Similar results were observed with the <jats:italic>rps<\/jats:italic>T mRNA. This report shows that polyadenylation favors in vivo the RNase R-mediated pathways of RNA degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.1197309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T01:58:41Z","timestamp":1229997521000},"page":"316-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The poly(A)-dependent degradation pathway of <i>rps<\/i>O mRNA is primarily mediated by RNase R"],"prefix":"10.1261","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eliane","family":"Hajnsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"R\u00e9gnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cec\u00edlia M.","family":"Arraiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112105482282000_15.2.316.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.05.043"},{"key":"2021112105482282000_15.2.316.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.220407"},{"key":"2021112105482282000_15.2.316.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.683308"},{"key":"2021112105482282000_15.2.316.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05092.x"},{"key":"2021112105482282000_15.2.316.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.10.4625-4633.1988","article-title":"Stabilization of discrete mRNA breakdown products in ams pnp rnb multiple mutants of Escherichia coli K-12","volume":"170","author":"Arraiano,","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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