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Allori AC, Mulliken JB, Meara JG, Shusterman S, Marcus JR. Classification of cleft lip\/palate: then and now. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2017;54:175\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/14-080.","DOI":"10.1597\/14-080"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects: Surveillance and Research. Annual report. 2014. http:\/\/www.icbdsr.org\/wp-content\/annual_report\/Report2014.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2025."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Hammond NL, Dixon MJ. Revisiting the embryogenesis of lip and palate development. Oral Dis. 2022;28:1306\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.14174.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14174"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Mossey PA, Little J, Munger RG, Dixon MJ, Shaw WC. Cleft lip and palate. Lancet. 2009;374:1773\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. 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Lie RT, Wilcox AJ, Taylor J, Gjessing HK, Saugstad OD, Aabyholm F, et al. Maternal smoking and oral clefts: the role of detoxification pathway genes. Epidemiology. 2008;19:606\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181690731.","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181690731"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. DeRoo LA, Wilcox AJ, Drevon CA, Lie RT. First-trimester maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of infant oral clefts in Norway: a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168:638\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwn186.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn186"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Chung KC, Kowalski CP, Kim HM, Buchman SR. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the risk of having a child with cleft lip\/palate. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;105:485\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006534-200002000-00001.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200002000-00001"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Vu GH, Warden C, Zimmerman CE, Kalmar CL, Humphries LS, McDonald-McGinn DM, et al. Poverty and risk of cleft lip and palate: an analysis of United States birth data. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022;149:169\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008636.","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008636"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Blanco R, Colombo A, Suazo J. Maternal obesity is a risk factor for orofacial clefts: a meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53:699\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.05.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.05.017"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Cedergren M, K\u00e4ll\u00e9n B. Maternal obesity and the risk for orofacial clefts in the offspring. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42:367\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/04-012.1.","DOI":"10.1597\/04-012.1"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Block SR, Watkins SM, Salemi JL, Rutkowski R, Tanner JP, Correia JA, et al. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and risk of selected birth defects: evidence of a dose-response relationship. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2013;27:521\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12084.","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12084"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. \u00c1cs M, Cavalcante BGN, B\u0103n\u0103rescu M, Wenning AS, Hegyi P, Szab\u00f3 B, et al. Maternal factors increase risk of orofacial cleft: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14:28104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-79346-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79346-7"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Kutbi H, Wehby GL, Moreno Uribe LM, Romitti PA, Carmichael S, Shaw GM, et al. Maternal underweight and obesity and risk of orofacial clefts in a large international consortium of population-based studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46:190\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyw035.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw035"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Stothard KJ, Tennant PW, Bell R, Rankin J. Maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301:636\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.113.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.113"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed 31 Jan 2025."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. \u00c5mark H, Sirotkina M, Westgren M, Papadogiannakis N, Persson M. Is obesity in pregnancy associated with signs of chronic fetal hypoxia? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99:1649\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13941.","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13941"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Ito M, Kyozuka H, Yamaguchi T, Sugeno M, Murata T, Hiraiwa T, et al. Association between gestational weight gain and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among women with obesity: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan. Nutrients. 2023;15:2428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15112428.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112428"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Catalano PM. Management of obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:419\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.AOG.0000253311.44696.85.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000253311.44696.85"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Kornacki J, Gutaj P, Kalantarova A, Sibiak R, Jankowski M, Wender-Ozegowska E. Endothelial dysfunction in pregnancy complications. Biomedicines. 2021;9:1756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9121756.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121756"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. An H, Jin M, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li H, et al. Association of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in China: a large prospective cohort study. J Hypertens. 2022;40:1352\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003150.","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003150"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Spilson SV, Kim HJ, Chung KC. Association between maternal diabetes mellitus and newborn oral cleft. Ann Plast Surg. 2001;47:477\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000637-200111000-00001.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200111000-00001"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. van der Plas E, Caspell CJ, Aerts AM, Tsalikian E, Richman LC, Dawson JD, et al. Height, BMI, and pituitary volume in individuals with and without isolated cleft lip and\/or palate. Pediatr Res. 2012;71:612\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2012.12.","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.12"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Enomoto K, Aoki S, Toma R, Fujiwara K, Sakamaki K, Hirahara F. Pregnancy outcomes based on pre-pregnancy body mass index in Japanese women. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0157081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0157081.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157081"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Nakanishi K, Saijo Y, Yoshioka E, Sato Y, Kato Y, Nagaya K, et al. Severity of low pre-pregnancy body mass index and perinatal outcomes: the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22:121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-022-04418-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04418-3"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. 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Correa A, Gilboa SM, Besser LM, Botto LD, Moore CA, Hobbs CA, et al. Diabetes mellitus and birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199:237.e1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.028"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Stuppia L, Capogreco M, Marzo G, La Rovere D, Antonucci I, Gatta V, et al. Genetics of syndromic and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1722\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31822e5e4d.","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31822e5e4d"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Nakatomi M, Ludwig KU, Knapp M, Kist R, Lisgo S, Ohshima H, et al. <i>Msx1<\/i> deficiency interacts with hypoxia and induces a morphogenetic regulation during mouse lip development. Development. 2020;147:dev189175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.189175.","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.189175"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Millicovsky G, Johnston MC. Hyperoxia and hypoxia in pregnancy: simple experimental manipulation alters the incidence of cleft lip and palate in CL\/Fr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981;78:5722\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.78.9.5722.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.9.5722"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Taniguchi Y, Yamazaki S, Nakayama SF, Sekiyama M, Michikawa T, Isobe T, et al. Maternal metals exposure and infant weight trajectory: The Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS). 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