{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T04:02:43Z","timestamp":1780718563117,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Japanese Society for Hygiene","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Health Prev. Med.","Environ Health Prev Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1265\/ehpm.26-00037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T22:10:23Z","timestamp":1779833423000},"page":"36-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Causes of severe injuries in wheelchair user motor vehicle passengers: pilot study for future safety restraint system"],"prefix":"10.1265","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Masahito","family":"Hitosugi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayumu","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitake","family":"Kitaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joyson Safety System Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsushi","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joyson Safety System Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Takaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Barua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"335","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Hitosugi M, Kuwahara A, Nakamura M. Proposal for nationwide registration of injuries or fatalities in wheelchair user motor vehicle passengers in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 2024;29:45.","DOI":"10.1265\/ehpm.24-00160"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Kuwahara A, Hitosugi M. Analysis of the fatal wheelchair users involving in a collision when traveling in the motor vehicle: proposal for effective seatbelt systems. J Jpn Coucil Traffic Sci. 2023;23:24\u201332."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Klinich KD, Boyle KJ, Manary MA, Orton NR, Wang Y, Hu J. Optimizing frontal impact occupant protection systems for passengers seated in wheelchairs. Accid Anal Prev. 2023;192:107238.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107238"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. Wiacek C, Prasad A, Weston D, Orton NR, Schneider LW. Assessing the performance of steering wheel air bags for drivers seated in wheelchairs. In Proceedings of the 25<sup>th<\/sup> International Technical Proceedings on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Detroit, MI, USA, 5 June 2017."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Sen\u00edn AR, S\u00e1ez LM, Corral TV. Experimental evaluation of the wheelchair occupant protection under different impact conditions using commercial wheelchairs. I J Crash. 2006;11:425\u201341.","DOI":"10.1533\/ijcr.2005.0113"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Versace J. A review of the severity index. In SAE (eds): Proceedings of the 15<sup>th<\/sup> Stapp Car Crash Conference. New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1971;771\u201396.","DOI":"10.4271\/710881"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Knaewpong N, Maltese M, et al. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint System-II; US Department of Transportation: Washington, DC, USA, 1999."},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard-208. Code of Federal Regulations, 49CFR571.208S15.3.6; GPO: Washington DC, USA, 2003."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Schmit KU, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sport, 3<sup>rd<\/sup> ed.; Springer: Berlin\/Heidelberg, Germany, 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03713-9"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. Department of Transportation. New Car Assessment Program; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Washington, DC, USA, 2015; 80: No. 241."},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11. National Highway Transit Safety Administration. Wheelchair users injuries and deaths associated with motor vehicle related incidents. Washington, DC, US: Department of Transportation; 1997."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Fitzgerald SG, Songer T, Rotko KA, Karg P. Motor vehicle transportation use and related adverse events among persons who use wheelchairs. Assist Technol. 2007;19:180\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2007.10131875"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Schneider LW, Klinich KD, Moore JL, MacWilliams JB. Using in-depth investigations to identify transportation safety issues for wheelchair-seated occupants of motor vehicles. Med Eng Phys. 2010;32:237\u201347.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.09.001"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Kuwahara A, Hitosugi M, Takeda A, Tsujimura S, Miyata Y. Comparison of the injury mechanism between pregnant and non-pregnant women vehicle passengers using car crash test dummies. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(5):884.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10050884"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Hu J, Orton N, Manary MA, Boyle K, Schneider LW. Should airbags be deactivated for wheelchair-seated drivers? Traffic Inj Prev. 2020;21:S37\u201342.","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2020.1778676"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Frost K, Bertocci G, Smalley C. Wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint practices in paratransit vehicles. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0186829.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186829"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. van Roosmalen L, Ritchie Orton N, Schneider L. Safety, usability, and independence for wheelchair-seated drivers and front-row passengers of private vehicles: a qualitative research study. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50:239\u201352.","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.11.0217"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Jermakian J, Edwards M, Fein S, Maltese MR. Factors contributing to serious and fatal injuries in belted rear seat occupants in frontal crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. 2019;20:S84\u201391.","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2019.1601182"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Mertz HJ, Dalmotas DJ. Effects of shoulder belt limit forces on adult thoracic protection in frontal collisions. SAE Tech Pap. 2007;361\u201381.","DOI":"10.4271\/2007-22-0015"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Klinich KD, Manary MA, Orton NR, Boyle KJ, Hu J. A literature review of wheelchair transportation safety relevant to automated vehicles. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:1633.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031633"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.e-stat.go.jp\/dbview?sid=0003224177."},{"key":"22","unstructured":"22. Songer TJ, Fitzgerald SG, Rotko KA. The injury risk to wheelchair occupants using motor vehicle transportation. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2004;48:115\u201329."}],"container-title":["Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ehpm\/31\/0\/31_26-00037\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T03:47:07Z","timestamp":1780717627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ehpm\/31\/0\/31_26-00037\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"0","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1265\/ehpm.26-00037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1342-078X","1347-4715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1342-078X","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-4715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"26-00037"}}