{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:13:32Z","timestamp":1778303612715,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pak J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: We aimed to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of ESBL- and non-ESBL bacteria isolated from pregnant women with UTI in antenatal wards in Khartoum State, Sudan.\r\nMethods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during April-July 2016 at different hospitals in Khartoum State. Mid-stream urine samples were obtained from 150 hospitalized pregnant women and cultured on CLED (Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient) agar. Microorganisms were identified using standard microbiological procedures. Isolated Gram-negative bacteria were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and ESBL screening using modified Kirby- Bauer method and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) respectively.\r\nResults: Urine culture revealed positive results in 33\/150 (22%) and the most prevalent isolates were Gram negative bacteria (18\/33, 54.5%). Among gram-negative bacteria, isolates of E. coli were the most prevalent accounting 66.6% (12\/18) followed by K. pneumoniae (4\/18, 22.2%) and K. oxytoca (2\/18, 11.1%). ESBL was detected in 8\/18 (44.4%) of the Gram-negative isolates. Of\u00a0note, imipenem was the most susceptible antibiotic for ESBL-producer and non-ESBL producer Gram negative isolates, accounting 100% susceptibility for both bacterial groups. Overall susceptibility rates were also high for ciprofloxacin (13\/18, 72.2%). In other hand, co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin showed high resistance pattern for ESBL-producer and non-ESBL producer isolates; 27.8%, 44.4% and 38.9%, 38.9% susceptibility rates of co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin for ESBL-producer and non-ESBL producer isolates, respectively.\r\nConclusions: Imipenem remains the most powerful option for ESBL- and non-ESBL bacteria causing UTIs in pregnant women. However, due to tremendous increase of antibiotic-resistant, antibiotic-susceptibility testing is recommended as a routine investigation for admitted pregnant women.\r\ndoi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.35.4.207\r\nHow to cite this:Mohammed I, Abass E. Phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases (ESBL) among gram negative uropathogens reveals\u00a0highly susceptibility to imipenem. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1104-1109. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.35.4.207\r\nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.35.4.207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T03:47:02Z","timestamp":1561693622000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases\u00a0(ESBL) among gram negative uropathogens  reveals\u00a0highly susceptibility to imipenem"],"prefix":"10.12669","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Isra","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elfadil","family":"Abass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4935","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"container-title":["Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/207\/192","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/207\/192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:59:42Z","timestamp":1778302782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/view\/207"}},"subtitle":["Detection of ESBL among gram negative uropathogens"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.35.4.207","relation":{},"ISSN":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1681-715X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1682-024X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]}}}