{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:59:22Z","timestamp":1784552362308,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pak J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The objective of the current study was to find prevalence of relevant ESBL and carbapenemase producing genes in nosocomial E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates and to check phenotypic susceptibility of all ESBL positive isolates to carbapenems.\r\nMethods: Forty ESBL producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n=33) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=7) were examined for the presence of \u03b2-lactamase genes (CTX-M, CTX-M-1, 2, 3, 4 and TEM). Carbapenem resistance was checked phenotypically and by presence of blaNDM-1 gene.\r\nResults: Nine (27%) were positive for CTX-M genes, and 10 (30%) for TEM among E. coli isolates. Importantly, six isolates showed co-existence of CTX-M and TEM genes. In K. pneumoniae, two (28%) isolates were positive for CTX-M and one (14%) for TEM genes. Eight (24%) E. coli and one (14%) K. pneumoniae isolates were positive for CTX-M-1. Respective figures for CTX-M-4 were three (10%) and one (14%). CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-3 groups were not represented. Twenty (50%) isolates were resistant to both imipenem and meropenem out of which only four isolates expressed blaNDM-1 gene.\r\nConclusions: The significant presence of both ESBL and carbapenemase producers and co-existence of ESBL and carbapenemases in the same isolates is worrisome.\r\nAbbreviations: ESBL: Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase. MBL: Metallo-betlactamase. PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.\r\ndoi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.37.1.3192\r\nHow to cite this:Irfan S, Azhar A, Bashir A, Ahmed S, Haque A. High frequency of simultaneous presence of ESBL and carbapenemase producers among nosocomial coliform isolates in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):34-39.\u00a0\u00a0doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.37.1.3192\r\nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.37.1.3192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T03:26:21Z","timestamp":1607570781000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High frequency of simultaneous presence of ESBL and\u00a0carbapenemase producers among nosocomial\u00a0\u00a0coliform isolates in Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.12669","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Irfan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysha","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad Bashir","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4935","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"container-title":["Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/3192\/786","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/3192\/786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:00:50Z","timestamp":1778310050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/view\/3192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.37.1.3192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1681-715X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1682-024X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]}}}