{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:10:16Z","timestamp":1778321416225,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pak J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To present and validate psychometric properties of Urdu version CLDQ, yet another objective was to do exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) of CLDQ Urdu version.\r\nMethods: This Cross-sectional Analytical Study was conducted at Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi during the period Nov. 15, 2021 to Jan. 30, 2022. CLDQ Urdu questionnaire was self-administered by the patients. The questionnaire consisted of 29 items and responses were recorded on 7-point Likert type scale. Reliability testing was done by Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1, test value of &gt;0.7 is taken as reliable. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Adequacies for conduction of EFA depended on Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of \u22650.5 and Bartlett\u2019s Test of Sphericity (BTS) of \u22640.05. Mean CLDQ Urdu scores were also compared with Child Class using ANOVA and post-hoc analysis was done.\r\nResults: A total of 320 patients were selected after informed consent. All conditions for adequate EFA were met (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 =.949; KMO = .846; BTS \u2264.001). Mean CLDQ Urdu score was 156.74 in male and 133.27 in female (p&lt;.001). Child Class-A had best quality of life with score of 186.63 \u00b16.91 and Child Class-C had the worst with scores of 109.78 \u00b121.33. EFA resulted in reduction of domains to 4 (Muscular Symptoms, Emotional Symptoms, Abdominal Symptoms &amp; Somnolence) &amp; reduced the number of items from 29 to 11.\r\nConclusion: Urdu CLDQ version is validated in our settings. EFA resulted in reductions in number of domains and items. CLDQ Urdu showed that quality of life decreases significantly with Child Class.\r\ndoi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.39.1.6602\r\nHow to cite this: Hussain SM, Zuberi BF, Rasheed T, Ali FS, Majid E. Validation and exploratory factor analysis of Urdu Version of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):117-127. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.39.1.6602\r\nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.39.1.6602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T04:45:19Z","timestamp":1669092319000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation and exploratory factor analysis of Urdu Version of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.12669","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sana Muhammad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7695-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bader Faiyaz","family":"Zuberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tazeen","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4286-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faiza Sadaqat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erum","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4935","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"container-title":["Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/6602\/1599","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/6602\/1599","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T09:43:14Z","timestamp":1778319794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/view\/6602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.39.1.6602","relation":{},"ISSN":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1681-715X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1682-024X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}}}