{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T11:09:10Z","timestamp":1778324950922,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pak J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To explore the relationship between Monoclonal Gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and Multiple Myeloma (MM) based on bioinformatics methods.\r\nMethods: In this study, we conducted bioinformatics to identify genes associated with MGUS and MM using the PubMed pubmed2ensemble (http:\/\/pubmed2ensembl.ls.manchester. ac.uk\/) until 2021. Gene ontology function was used to label overlapping genes, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was used to identify enriched pathways. The cluster-1 genes obtained from Cytoscape were analyzed by Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD, http:\/\/ctdbase.org\/) and then used to screen candidate drugs using the DSigDB database (https:\/\/amp.pharm.mssm.edu\/Enrichr\/).\r\nResults: In total, 227 genes were common to both MGUS and MM. These genes were significantly associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The protein-protein interaction network revealed that TNF, IL-1B, IL-6, CSF2, CXCL8, and IL-10 were among the core genes of MM. Finally, eight candidate drugs showed maximum interaction with core genes, which could potentially prevent MGUS from progressing to MM.\r\nConclusion: The progression of MGUS to MM is driven by aberrant cytokine secretion, which leads to inflammation immune dysfunction, and dysregulation of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway.\r\ndoi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.39.3.7206\r\nHow to cite this: Lu W, Liu J, Luo M, Xiao M. Relationship between Monoclonal Gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma via online database analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):715-720. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.39.3.7206\r\nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.39.3.7206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T07:58:05Z","timestamp":1679903885000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship between Monoclonal Gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma via online database analysis"],"prefix":"10.12669","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingfeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4935","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"container-title":["Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/7206\/1699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/7206\/1699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:19:48Z","timestamp":1778321988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/view\/7206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.39.3.7206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1681-715X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1682-024X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]}}}