{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:29:27Z","timestamp":1788967767358,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pak J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This laboratory study aimed to compare and contrast the performance of non-ion and ion-releasing restorative composites.\nMethodology: This in vitro experimental study was conducted King Saud University from March to June 2025. Ten disc-shaped and ten bar-shaped specimens were fabricated from each study group to evaluate depth of cure, bending strength, water sorption and solubility. The study groups included four bulk-fill restorative composites, consisting of two conventional non-ion-releasing formulations\u2014Filtek Bulk and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill\u2014and two ion-releasing formulations\u2014Beautifil Bulk Restorative and ACTIVA BioACTIVE Bulk. The one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc tests for multiple comparisons was conducted with a significance level set at P = 0.05.\nResults: Filtek Bulk demonstrated the highest depth of cure (4.34 \u00b1 0.29 mm) and bending strength (123.34 \u00b1 9.05 MPa), succeeded by Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (3.81 \u00b1 0.17 mm, 115.78 \u00b1 10.98 MPa). Additionally, Filtek Bulk and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill exhibited significantly lower water sorption (0.49 \u00b1 0.13% and 0.79 \u00b1 0.10%, respectively) and solubility (0.01 \u00b1 0.00% and 0.04 \u00b1 0.00%, respectively) compared to ion-releasing composites, Beautifil Bulk Restorative and ACTIVA BioACTIVE Bulk (1.26 \u00b1 0.19% and 1.42 \u00b1 0.20%; 0.10 \u00b1 0.01% and 0.14 \u00b1 0.01%, respectively) (P &lt; 0.05).\nConclusion: While ion-releasing composites offer the benefit of reducing secondary caries risk and remineralization of the tooth, their physical and mechanical properties may not be on par with those of conventional non-ion-releasing restorative composites, potentially affecting their long-term performance in deep restorations. Therefore, the clinicians are advised to exercise caution in using these restorative composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.42.4.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:26:40Z","timestamp":1776140800000},"page":"892-896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of ion-releasing and non-ion-releasing bulk-fill restorative composites"],"prefix":"10.12669","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Majed M.","family":"Alsarani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Al-Mutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aftab Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4935","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"container-title":["Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/13960\/3370","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/13960\/3370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T15:02:52Z","timestamp":1778338972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/view\/13960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.42.4.13960","relation":{},"ISSN":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1681-715X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1682-024X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]}}}