{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:15:33Z","timestamp":1780413333702,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pak J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective:\u00a0Evaluating the efficacy of various cavity sterilants (CHX and Er: YAG) laser on the\u00a0Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)\u00a0inhibition zone, resin tag length (RTL) and shear bond strength (SBS) of 5th\u00a0generation adhesive integrated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) bonded to cariously affected dentin (CAD).\nMethodology:\u00a0The present in vitro study was approved by the ethical committee of King Saud University, CDRC# FC-289-25 and followed CRIS guidelines. The duration of the study was four months, from 1st July 2025 to 30th October 2025. Forty-eight mandibular molars with ICDAS scores of 5 were included. CAD was retained and teeth were divided into four groups based on disinfection and adhesive type.\u00a0Group-1A: CHX + Unmodified adhesive (UA), Group-1B: CHX+ SPIONs modified adhesive, Group-2A: Er: YAG laser+UA and Group-2B:Er: YAG laser+SPIONs modified adhesive.\u00a0S mutans\u00a0inhibition zone was identified using the agar diffusion test. RTL was assessed via SEM. SBS and failure patterns were analyzed using a Universal testing machine\u00a0and a\u00a0stereomicroscope, respectively.\u00a0Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey (p\u00a0\u2264 0.05).\nResults:\u00a0CHX and Er: YAG laser\u2013treated\u00a0S.mutans\u00a0exhibited comparable inhibition zone thicknesses. Group-2B (Er: YAG laser + SPION-modified adhesive) showed the longest resin tags (20.55 \u00b1 0.23 \u03bcm) and the highest SBS (8.23 \u00b1 0.56 MPa). In contrast, Group-1A (CHX + unmodified adhesive) demonstrated the shortest resin tags (8.44 \u00b1 0.52 \u03bcm) and the lowest bond strength (4.23 \u00b1 0.43 MPa).\nConclusion: Er: YAG laser appears to be an effective method for disinfecting CAD. Moreover, adhesives containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance, enhancing both RTL and SBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.42.6.15668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:47:12Z","timestamp":1780411632000},"page":"1464-1469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Er: YAG laser and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-modified adhesive: A comparative study on antimicrobial efficacy and bond strength in caries-affected dentin"],"prefix":"10.12669","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"A. Alrabiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Alkhudhairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4935","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"container-title":["Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/15668\/11485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/15668\/11485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:47:16Z","timestamp":1780411636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/view\/15668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.42.6.15668","relation":{},"ISSN":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1681-715X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1682-024X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]}}}