{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:11:07Z","timestamp":1788930667839,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pak J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To compare outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal stones measuring 1-2 cm, including stone clearance, hospital stay, hematuria, sepsis, postoperative pain, and retreatment.\nMethodology: Six months, single-center, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Urology, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazimabad, Karachi, from September 5, 2025 to March 4, 2026. Ninety-eight eligible adults were enrolled consecutively and randomized 1:1 to ESWL or RIRS by lottery method using concealed identical allocation slips. Non-contrast CT-KUB was performed at baseline and at 28 days. Pain was assessed by VAS at 24 hours. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with p&lt;0.05 considered significant.\nResults: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the treatment groups. Stone-free status after one session was 53.1% with ESWL and 85.7% with RIRS (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.15; p&lt;0.001), while 28-day stone clearance was 67.3% and 85.7%, respectively (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.60; p=0.032). ESWL was associated with shorter hospital stay (p&lt;0.001). Median VAS pain score at 24 hours was higher after ESWL [4 (IQR 3-4)] than RIRS [3 (IQR 2-4); p&lt;0.001]. Retreatment was more frequent after ESWL (30.6% vs 10.2%; RR for RIRS vs ESWL 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.85; p=0.012), while gross hematuria and postoperative sepsis were comparable.\nConclusion: RIRS provided higher clearance and lower retreatment and pain scores than ESWL, while ESWL was associated with shorter hospital stay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.42.9.16588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:53:48Z","timestamp":1788929628000},"page":"2581-2587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery in the management of renal calculi measuring one to two centimeters"],"prefix":"10.12669","volume":"42","author":[{"family":"Muhammad Waqas Arshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Atif Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Shafeullah Ahadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Azhar Ghayoor Yousaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4935","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"container-title":["Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/16588\/11663","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/download\/16588\/11663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:53:49Z","timestamp":1788929629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pjms.org.pk\/index.php\/pjms\/article\/view\/16588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.42.9.16588","relation":{},"ISSN":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1681-715X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1682-024X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}