{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:27:33Z","timestamp":1777552053011,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dance Medicine &amp; Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Foot injuries occur frequently in dancers, and researchers have investigated different protective measures to reduce their incidence. Research has primarily focused on ballet, but foot injuries also are common in modern and contemporary dance where footwear is not worn. While padded dance socks are a potential solution, the extent to which they provide force reduction for the feet is unknown.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">This study investigates the extent to which padded dance support socks can reduce force on the foot during a dance sequence and when landing from a saut\u00e9 jump.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Twenty-one injury-free dancers (2 M, 19 F; age: 21.5<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b1\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">6.7 years; height: 165.5 \u00b1 6.1 cm; mass: 68.6\u00b1 15.0 kg) volunteered for this randomized cross-over design study. Participants performed a 40-second modern dance sequence and a saut\u00e9 jump landing under two conditions: wearing Apolla Performance Shock\u2122 dance socks (DS) and with bare feet (BF). During these activities, 1.0 cm diameter circular force transducers were affixed under the first metatarsophalangeal joint and under the center of the heel. The sensors wirelessly recorded peak toe force, peak heel force, mean toe force, and mean heel force during dancing. A force platform measured vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and time to peak VGRF, while the foot sensors measured peak toe force and peak heel force, during the jump landings. A Noraxon MR3.12 biomechanics system synchronized and recorded the data. All force data were normalized to body weight (BW). Dependent samples t-tests were used to assess pairwise differences in these measures between the DS and BF conditions. Alpha was set at p &lt; 0.05.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mean and peak heel forces\/BW when dancing with DS were significantly lower than during BF dancing (mean: p = 0.015; peak: p = 0.0004). Peak VGRF\/BW when landing from the saut\u00e9 jump with DS was significantly lower compared with landing in BF (p = 0.035). All other variables were not significantly different between conditions, but all DS force values were lower than BF.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">We offer evidence that padded dance socks may reduce foot forces dancers commonly encounter during modern dance. The trends we recorded require further study to assess the extent to which the socks exhibit beneficial effects when considering both the many hours dancers train and the cumulative effects of impacts sustained by their feet.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12678\/1089-313x.061522c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T21:07:33Z","timestamp":1647292053000},"page":"106-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Force Attenuation Properties of Padded Dance Support Socks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Science and Health in Artistic Performance, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella F.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200205000-00014","article-title":"Classical ballet: the full contact sport.","volume":"81","author":"Stretanski MF.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stretanski MF. 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