{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T23:27:22Z","timestamp":1787873242277,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dance Medicine &amp; Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dancers are highly susceptible to musculoskeletal injuries and frequently require interaction with medical professionals. While many dancers have a finely tuned awareness of their bodies, their knowledge of the fundamentals of human anatomy is not uniform. There is a paucity of literature on the benefits of human anatomy education in dancers, though it seems intuitive that there should be a relationship. The purpose of this study was to assess dancers\u2019 perceived and actual knowledge of basic musculoskeletal anatomy and its relationship to function. Adult dancers at the undergraduate, pre-professional, and professional levels were surveyed through an anonymous online questionnaire. Questions included demographic information, dance techniques studied, anatomy training, and injury history. Subjects rated their perceived knowledge of anatomy and were tested with 15 multiple-choice questions on basic musculoskeletal anatomy. Four hundred seventy-five surveys were completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Ordinal regression showed a correlation of perceived to actual knowledge of anatomy (p &lt; 0.001). Factors that correlated with increases in both perceived and actual knowledge of anatomy included having taken an anatomy course of any type (p &lt; 0.001) and increased age (p \u2264 0.001). Years of dance training and professional dancer status both significantly correlated with increased knowledge of anatomy (p &lt; 0.001) but not perceived knowledge. Chi-square analysis showed that dancers with training in either modern or jazz dance had a significantly higher perceived, but not actual, knowledge when compared to those without training in those styles of dance (p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). In conclusion, dancers generally scored well on questions pertaining to basic musculoskeletal anatomy, and their perception correlated with their actual knowledge of anatomy. Factors that contribute to dancers\u2019 knowledge of anatomy include age, years of experience, professional dancer status, and anatomy training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12678\/1089-313x.21.2.76","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T23:04:21Z","timestamp":1495580661000},"page":"76-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dancers\u2019 Perceived and Actual Knowledge of Anatomy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dana H.","family":"Kotier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana H. Kotler, M.D., Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meaghan","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meaghan Lynch, M.D., Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Neurology, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cushman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daniel Cushman, M.D., Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jason Hu, M.D., New York Hospital Queens, Weill Cornell Medical College, Flushing, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jocelyn Garner, Ph.D., Department of Theatre, Northwestern University School of Communication, Evanston, Illinois."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.521167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X1201600204"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X0901300203","article-title":"Dancers\u2019 perceptions of pain and injury: positive and negative effects.","volume":"13","author":"Thomas H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomas H, Tarr J. Dancers\u2019 perceptions of pain and injury: positive and negative effects. J Dance Med Sci. 2009 Jun;13(2):51\u20139.","journal-title":"J Dance Med Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X0801200202"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X1001400306","article-title":"Perspectives on dance science rehabilitation understanding whole body mechanics and four key principles of motor control as a basis for healthy movement.","volume":"14","author":"Liederbach M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liederbach M. Perspectives on dance science rehabilitation understanding whole body mechanics and four key principles of motor control as a basis for healthy movement. J Dance Med Sci. 2010 Sep;14(3):114\u201324.","journal-title":"J Dance Med Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1282","article-title":"Yoga asanas as an effective form of experiential learning when teaching musculoskeletal anatomy of the lower limb.","volume":"5","author":"Bentley DC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bentley DC, Pang SC. Yoga asanas as an effective form of experiential learning when teaching musculoskeletal anatomy of the lower limb. Anat Sci Educ. 2012 Sep-Oct;5(5):281\u20136.","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.181","article-title":"Living Anato ME: Teaching and learning musculoskeletal anatomy through yoga and pilates.","volume":"3","author":"McCulloch C","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCulloch C, Marango SP, Friedman ES, Laitman JT. 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Injury prevention for modern dancers: a pilot study of an educational intervention. J Commu nity Health. 2010 Oct;35(5):527\u201333.","journal-title":"J Commu nity Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support.","volume":"42","author":"Harris PA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, . Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed In form. 2009 Apr;42(2):377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed In form."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"SPSS Inc. PASW Statistics for Win dows. 18.0. 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