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Without some degree of shame, goal attainment is less likely. However, high levels of shame may increase pathology and decrease performance. In this cross-sectional study, pre-professional and professional dancers were divided into two shame groupings: low (N = 193) and high (N = 25). Chi square and multivariate analyses of covariance (age and gender as covariates) were conducted to determine group differences for cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), anxiety, self-esteem, and shame factors. The high shame group had a greater distribution of childhood adversity (especially emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional neglect). They also had clinical levels of anxiety and low self-esteem. In the path analyses, the causal model demonstrated that childhood adversity had a direct effect on anxiety and shame and an indirect effect on self-esteem. Shame and anxiety had a direct effect on self-esteem. Helping dancers become resistant to shame may decrease anxiety and buffer the effects of a history of childhood adversity. As internalized shame decreases, dancers may enhance their self-esteem, wellbeing, and ability to pursue and achieve their career goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12678\/1089-313x.22.2.100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T00:32:35Z","timestamp":1527640355000},"page":"100-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Shame and Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Thomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Northridge, California and York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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