{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:28:37Z","timestamp":1787761717871,"version":"build-2784847793"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/aasopenres.13311.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/aasopenres.13311.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000}}],"reference-count":44,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008220","name":"Sida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GrantNo:54100113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GrantNo:54100113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000308","name":"Carnegie Corporation of New York","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant No: B 8606.R02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No: B 8606.R02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst"},{"name":"Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa","award":["DELTAS Africa Initiative: Grant No: 107768\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DELTAS Africa Initiative: Grant No: 107768\/Z\/15\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openresearchafrica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Africa"],"abstract":"<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background \u00a0<\/ns4:bold><\/ns4:p><ns4:p> Although rabies in dog bite patients is preventable through timely initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), a number of barriers to achieving PEP exist. This study investigated the delays to initiation of PEP among dog bite patients in the emergency departments of two PEP centers in Uganda.<\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods<\/ns4:bold><\/ns4:p><ns4:p> A cross-sectional study was conducted among dog-bite patients that presented to two selected rabies PEP centers. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Delay to receive PEP was defined as reporting for PEP beyond 24 hours after the bite event. Generalized linear models were used to calculate prevalence ratios and the 95% confidence intervals as a measure of association between delay and patient factors.<\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results <\/ns4:bold><\/ns4:p><ns4:p> Out of 376 participants, just over half (53.5%) were males. The majority of participants (54.0%) were 15 years or older and 28.5% had no formal education. Just over three-quarters (77.9%) had category II dog bite wounds. Nearly 40% delayed to receive PEP, and median (inter quartile range) lag time between bite event and seeking medical care of 18 (41) hours. Compared to education level of secondary or above, patients with no formal education (adj. PR=4.06, 95% CI: 2.69 -\u00a0 6.10) or primary education (adj.PR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.37 -\u00a0 3.35), belonging to the lowest socio-economic tertile as compared to the highest (adj.PR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.10 - 2.28), knowing the owner of the biting dog (adj.PR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.65) and having category II wounds (adj.PR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.43 - 3.71) were all associated with delayed presentation for PEP.<\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <\/ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions and recommendations<\/ns4:bold><\/ns4:p><ns4:p> Delays to receive PEP are common and are associated with poor level of education or low socio-economic status, knowledge of who the dog owner is and less severity of bite wounds. Seeking care irrespective of wound severity or knowledge of dog owner should be promoted.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/aasopenres.13311.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T17:05:09Z","timestamp":1670519109000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/openresafrica.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Delays in initiating rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among dog bite victims in Wakiso and Kampala districts, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7848-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stevens","family":"Kisaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Makumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Majalija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Bahizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5754-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SM","family":"Thumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709","article-title":"Estimating 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/aasopenres.14464.r29011, Enock Madalitso Chisati, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi, 30 Nov 2021, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/openresearchafrica.org\/articles\/4-49\/v2#referee-response-29011","order":0,"name":"referee-response-29011","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/aasopenres.14464.r29359, Claude T. Sabeta, Rabies Reference Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), Pretoria, South Africa, 31 Oct 2022, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/openresearchafrica.org\/articles\/4-49\/v2#referee-response-29359","order":1,"name":"referee-response-29359","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This research was supported by the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). CARTA is jointly led by the African Population and Health Research Center and the University of the Witwatersrand and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York (Grant No--B 8606.R02), Sida (Grant No:54100113), the DELTAS Africa Initiative (Grant No: 107768\/Z\/15\/Z) and Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD). The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS)\u2019s Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by the New Partnership for Africa\u2019s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust (UK) and the UK government. Stevens Kisaka is a CARTA PhD fellow. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the Fellow. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}