{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:08:08Z","timestamp":1772168888187,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunological disease characterized predominantly by hypogammaglobulinemia. The main clinical manifestations are severe recurrent infections that often lead to structural damage of affected organs. The early start of adequate intravenous immunoglobulin therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of this serious disorder. Patients with CVID are also predisposed to autoimmune and lymphoproliferative complications. This article deals with the features of this primary immunodeficiency in adults. Clinical manifestations, immunological features and treatment concepts were gathered during 21 years of observation of such patients in Moscow. The authors suggest early predictive clinical signs of CVID in adults.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.1-46.v1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T12:23:43Z","timestamp":1368102223000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Major approaches in early diagnostics of common variable immunodeficiency in adults in Moscow"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Alexander V","family":"Karaulov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina V","family":"Sidorenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna S","family":"Kapustina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167-180","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.5.2.167","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency: a multifaceted and puzzling disorder.","volume":"5","author":"A Bergbreiter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34-48","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4725","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency: clinical and immunological features of 248 patients.","volume":"92","author":"C Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776-794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.08.053","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiency diseases: an update from the International Union of Immunological Societies 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Dis."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308-316","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-007-9075-1","article-title":"Long-term follow-up and outcome of a large cohort of patients with common variable immunodeficiency.","volume":"27","author":"I Quinti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T07:30:32Z","timestamp":1543563032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]]},"references-count":7,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.1-46.v1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r375","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r374","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r373","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r374","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r375","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r373","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r373, Cem Akin, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, 09 Nov 2012, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1#referee-response-373","order":0,"name":"referee-response-373","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r374, Anete Grumach, Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 16 Nov 2012, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1#referee-response-374","order":1,"name":"referee-response-374","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.215.r375, Francisco A Bonilla, Department of Allergy\/Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA, 21 Nov 2012, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1#referee-response-375","order":2,"name":"referee-response-375","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Alexander Karaulov<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 05 Dec 2012<\/i>; The article deals with data on the analysis of characteristics of adult patients with CVID in Moscow. The article reflects the work done during 20 years to improve the diagnosis of CVID and introduction of IVIG in Moscow.The diagnosis of CVID was verified on the basis of the typical clinical presentations and immunological deviations. CVID was diagnosed according to the criteria of this form of PID developed by ESID and PAGID. Other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia were excluded in these patients. For example, genetic typing was conducted to exclude X-linked agammaglobulinemia.The article focuses on the clinical manifestations of CVID, their characteristics, variety, the defeat of many organs and systems. The purpose of this scientific article is to draw attention of GPs to the problem of CVID. Due to awareness of the early clinical signs of CVID, GPs send patients to an immunologist. Thereby, a delay in diagnosis of CVID decreases. During past 10 years a delay in diagnosis of CVID in Moscow decreased from 14.5 to 6.4 years; due to early start of IVIG therapy quality of life has increased significantly \u2013 no operations on organs of respiratory tract in recent years.At the beginning of the formation of Moscow registry of adult patients with CVID there were only 4 alive patients over 18 years. Over the years of observation a number of adult patients has increased by more than 10 times. This is due to improvement of diagnosis of CVID and increase GPs, knowledge.More detailed characteristics of immunologic abnormalities in patients with CVID, the assessment of quality of life, more detailed description of the treatment strategy and the effectiveness of drugs will be presented in the following publications.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1#referee-comment-77","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-77","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Alla Nakonechna<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 14 Jan 2013<\/i>; This article describes the analysis of the characteristics of adult patients with CVID in Moscow over a period of 20 years. The aim was to improve the diagnosis of CVID and introduce IVIG in Moscow. What is remarkable is that they collected a lot of data about CVID patients described to be more severely disabled (this is likely&nbsp;to be&nbsp; a result of long standing ID without specific treatment - with immunoglobulins),&nbsp;compared to what we see nowadays in Western countries. In addition, there is a quite a high percentage of side effects for IVID therapy (41%), which is again something we don't experience in our routine daily practice with CVID patients. This can probably be explained&nbsp;by the&nbsp;late commencing of IVIG given to the CVID patients (this obviously depends on the social and economical situation of a country), as the authors report a lot of organ damage and chronic recurrent&nbsp;infections.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-46\/v1#article-response-350","order":4,"name":"article-response-350","label":"Article Comment","group":{"name":"article-comments","label":"Article Comments"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":5,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}