{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:30:39Z","timestamp":1789792239570,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]],"date-time":"2012-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356048000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Over 20 genetic risk factors have been confirmed to associate with elevated risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), but the identification of environmental and\/or acquired risk factors has been more elusive. At present, recognized acquired risks for AD include traumatic brain injury, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Based on reports associating various inhalants with AD pathology, we investigated the possibility that air pollution might contribute to AD risk by exposing wild-type mice to a standard air pollution modeling system employing nickel nanoparticle-enriched atmosphere for 3 hr.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Mice exposed to air pollution showed 72-129% increases in brain levels of both amyloid-\u03b2 peptides A\u03b240 and A\u03b242, as well as A\u03b242\/40 (p &lt;0.01).\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    These effects on elevation of brain A\u03b2 exceed those associated with trisomy 21, a known risk for early onset AD pathology, raising the possibility that clinical importance might be attached. Further work is required to establish the molecular and physiological basis for these phenomena. The rapid, dramatic effect, if verified, would suggest that inhalant exposures should be evaluated for their possible roles in contributing to the environmental risk for common forms of AD.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.1-70.v1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T12:18:43Z","timestamp":1368101923000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Rapid doubling of Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid-\u03b240 and 42 levels in brains of mice exposed to a nickel nanoparticle model of air pollution"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Soong Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elysse M","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azita K","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marusia","family":"Popovech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6455-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Gandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979-80","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823561","article-title":"Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.450.r714, W.Sue T Griffin, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA, 21 Jan 2013, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-70\/v1#referee-response-714","order":0,"name":"referee-response-714","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.450.r725, George Perry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, 23 Jan 2013, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-70\/v1#referee-response-725","order":1,"name":"referee-response-725","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.450.r718, Ottavio Arancio, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, 25 Jan 2013, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/1-70\/v1#referee-response-718","order":2,"name":"referee-response-718","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Cure Alzheimer's Fund (S.G.), VA MERIT Review Award I01BX000348 (S.G.), and the American Health Assistance Foundation A2012625 (S.H.K.). This work was also supported by National Institutes of Health Grant U01ES020126 and P30ES00260 (L.C.C.).","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}