{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:54:12Z","timestamp":1789527252642,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.104272.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000}}],"reference-count":27,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    \u00a0Painful temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are of musculoskeletal origin and are considered the most common cause of non-odontogenic pain in the orofacial region. \u00a0The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and awareness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in Almadinah Almunawwarah community.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : An observational cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted. A translated Arabic version of Fonseca's questionnaire was employed. The questionnaire asked about the participant's personal information, if they thought they had TMDs, and who to visit for therapy if necessary. These were followed by 10 items from Fonseca's questionnaire, each with a three-point scale.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : The questionnaire was completed by 598 people. Females made up 57.1% of the participants. TMDs were present in 61% of the population, with varying degrees of severity. Males (44.3%) were less affected than females (55.7%). The difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.354). Out of the 61% TMDs Positive patients, 74.1% had mild TMDs symptoms, while 20.8% and 5.1%, respectively, had moderate and severe TMDs symptoms (P = 0.05). The severity of the symptoms was unaffected by demographic data (P &gt; 0.05). Only 40% seek care, with 64.6% selecting for a dentist and 24.6% preferring for an orthopaedic specialist (P= 0.008).\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : Participants from Al-Madinah had a greater prevalence of mild TMDs. The majority of the participants had no idea who to go to for treatment. The findings of this study highlight the importance of educational activities to enhance public awareness. Fonseca's Anamnestic Index could also be considered as a useful instrument for early identification and measuring the severity of TMDs in the general population.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.104272.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T10:35:15Z","timestamp":1649673315000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders prevalence and awareness of appropriate clinical practices, among Al-Madinah community in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Albraa","family":"Alolayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayma S.","family":"Alsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruwaa M.","family":"Salamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashael","family":"Alsousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3348-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadia","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-6","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2021.1950420","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorder symptoms and their association with quality of life of dental patients in Malaysia.","author":"A Bahar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cranio."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12-20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.008","article-title":"Orofacial musculoskeletal pain: An evidence-based bio-psycho-social matrix model.","volume":"128","author":"D Ettlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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Authors stated in the inclusion criteria that &quot;All adult males and females who visited Taibah University\u2019s Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinics in Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia, in the previous two years were included in the study.&quot;&nbsp;My question is what are the purposes of visiting participants? What did they seek treatments for? Were they asked about treatments for TMDs?&nbsp;  \n<b>Answer:<\/b>&nbsp;Thank you for your input. The study included individuals who came to the TUDC for routine dental screening, with the goal of determining the prevalence of TMJ problems in this specific demographic. &nbsp; Since this is an observational cross-sectional study, authors should clarify if this study was performed retrospectively or prospectively and should state this information in the methods and abstract.&nbsp;  \n<b>Answer:<\/b>&nbsp;Thank you for your input. The study was conducted as a prospective observational study, and this is now addressed in the methodology and abstract. &nbsp; It's clear that sample size calculation was not reliable and convincing because sample size calculation for cross-sectional study requires statistical formula, the prevalence of an indicator (which should be estimated from the previous published similar studies), level of significance, correlation coefficient, etc.  \n<b>Answer:<\/b> I appreciate your input. The study sample calculation was determined using the OpenEpi tool kit application with a confidence level of 99 percent and estimated the entire Madinah population to be above one million and estimated prevalence indicator of 27% (Al-Khotani, A., Naimi-Akbar, A., Albadawi, E. \n<i>et al.<\/i> Prevalence of diagnosed temporomandibular disorders among Saudi Arabian children and adolescents. J Headache Pain 17, 41 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-016-0642-9) and the sample size was calculated to be 523 participants. To avoid missing or insufficient data, we extend the total to 598.&nbsp;  Based on methods authors stated clearly that &quot;All adult males and females who visited Taibah University\u2019s Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinics in Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia, in the previous two years were included in the study.&quot; So, all patients that visited the clinic within 2 years have been included, is this means no actual sample size calculation was performed? Please clarify. Otherwise, the authors should address these points as a study limitation.&nbsp;  \n<b>Answer:<\/b>&nbsp;Thank you for your comment. The study was conducted during the last two years, and the sample was drawn from clinic visitors on a daily basis. &nbsp; Based on the methodology, the authors included all patients who visited the Department at a specific time. Also, based on the Arabic Questionnaire, and the author's exclusion criteria, they excluded some patients. So, it's mandatory to clarify the total number of participants who were initially recruited (based on sample size calculation, in the case this has been done prospectively) and agreed to participate, then the number of patients who were excluded with reasons using flow diagram.&nbsp;  \n<b>Answer:<\/b>&nbsp;Thank you for your comment. The study included A total of 598 participants answered the questionnaire, based on the mentioned exclusion criteria, 80 (13.4 %) participants were removed from the study. Thus, leveeing a total of 518 (86.6%) recruited participants &nbsp; In Conclusion, the authors should address the primary aim of the study which estimated the prevalence of TMDs in the City. As this study is a cross-section study, the causation between the risk factor and outcome is impossible to assess. Then I think, some part of the conclusion is not supported by the findings (Fonseca's Anamnestic Index could also be considered a useful instrument for early identification and measuring the severity of TMDs in the general population.)&nbsp;  \n<b>Answer:<\/b>&nbsp;Thank you for your comment. Conclusion section has been updated in accordance with your thoughtful advice. &nbsp; The authors stated in the exclusion criteria those patients who wear removable dentures or splints were excluded, please give an explanation.  \n<b>Answer:<\/b> In order to assess the actual prevalence among the population that did not get prosthodontic devices like splints, we eliminated patients receiving splint therapy and removable prosthodontics, which could be a contributing confounding cause of TMJ adaptive modifications. &nbsp; Another problem could be introducing a bias within the study, and difficulties for patients to fill and complete the questionnaire.  \n<b>Answer:<\/b> thank you for your comment. The questionnaires were filled out by well-trained two investigators who collect data from patients and contribute to the current study's authorship.&nbsp; &nbsp; Title: abbreviation of (TMJ) should be removed from the title. The title should be short more focused and mention the study design&nbsp;  \n<b>Answer:<\/b> Thank you for your comment. The title has been updated in response to your helpful suggestion.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-395\/v2#referee-comment-8452","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-8452","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}