{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:06:32Z","timestamp":1772168792467,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491177600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Three male Caucasian patients with ALS were admitted to the hospital due to progressive dysphagia and dysarthria.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>During two 21-day courses of penicillin G and hydrocortisone, these patients\u2019 dysphagia and dysarthria resolved. The patient\u2019s other ALS-associated symptoms also improved, including respiratory function, coordination, walking, and muscle strength.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>This is the first report of a treatment with a protocol for treating dysphagia, dysarthria, respiratory depression and other ALS-related symptoms. Furthermore, the observations are consistent with the recent hypothesis that the successful treatment of ALS symptoms with this treatment course in six patients with syphilitic ALS was not directly due to the treatment of syphilis; but that the administered penicillin G and\/or hydrocortisone treated these patients\u2019 ALS symptoms due the off-target pharmacological activity of penicillin G and\/or hydrocortisone. This report therefore underscores the need to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment course in a clinical trial.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10534.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T09:15:22Z","timestamp":1491210922000},"page":"410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Treatment with penicillin G and hydrocortisone reduces ALS-associated symptoms: a case series of three patients"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bert","family":"Tuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harmen","family":"Jousma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter J.","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942-55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"377","author":"M Kiernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5-27","DOI":"10.4449\/aib.v149i1.1260","article-title":"The diagnosis of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in 2010.","volume":"149","author":"V Silani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310-22","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70036-X","article-title":"Controversies and priorities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"12","author":"M Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54-7","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.951946","article-title":"Financial cost of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case study.","volume":"16","author":"M Obermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115-126","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TGR.0000318899.87690.44","article-title":"Speech and Swallowing in Parkinson\u2019s Disease.","volume":"24","author":"K Tjaden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top Geriatr Rehabil."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00300-7","article-title":"Dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in patients with Alzheimer's disease.","volume":"52","author":"M Kalia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"ref-7","first-page":"41-4","article-title":"[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome of syphilitic origin. 5 cases].","volume":"146","author":"M el Alaoui-Faris","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.727425","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mimic syndrome due to neurosyphilis.","volume":"14","author":"M Chraa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9318.1","article-title":"Syphilis may be a confounding factor, not a causative agent, in syphilitic ALS [version 1; 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