{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:54:47Z","timestamp":1785545687753,"version":"3.56.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.109696.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000}}],"reference-count":27,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Background: Referred pain often complicates and delays the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Elaborating the prevalence and characteristics of TMD-associated referred pain as well as the distribution of referred pain in different TMD classes will significantly improve the diagnostic process. The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence and to evaluate the characteristics of referred pain associated with TMD diagnosed according to the DC\/TMD.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Methods: A total of 252 patients were evaluated using the DC\/TMD Axes-I and \u2013II assessment tools. Different modalities were used to treat the diagnosed TMD. Referred pain was diagnosed when the location of the perceived pain in response to palpation extended beyond the boundary of the structure that was examined. For pain locations that were perceived as deep, patients were asked to locate the surface of the area of pain. The result of the assessment was identified as positive if the patient described his perceived pain during the clinical examination as being familiar pain that was experienced in the same location in the last 30 days.\u00a0<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Results: TMD-associated referred pain was recorded in 153 patients (60.7%). The most common referred pain location was the temporal area (45.2%), followed by the ear (42.1%). The referred pain was recorded in disc displacement with reduction with intermittent locking and myofascial pain with referral in all patients (100%). The proportion of patients with referred pain was significantly different between the different TMD diagnostic subgroups (P &lt; 0.001). \u00a0The recorded percentage of improvement in the referred pain following the treatment was 50.41% after 3 months and 56.65% after 6 months.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Conclusions: Referred pain is a prominent feature of TMD. The prevalence of referred pain associated with TMD was 60.7%.\u00a0 A strong strength association between the different diagnostic subgroups and the presence of referred pain existed.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.109696.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T08:45:19Z","timestamp":1662972319000},"page":"656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and characteristics of referred pain in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nawal","family":"Alketbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5784-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Talaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76-78","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2016.1140365","article-title":"Why are dentists not trained to screen and diagnose temporomandibular disorders in dental school?","volume":"34","author":"H Simmons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cranio."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030459","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: Current concepts and controversies in diagnosis and management.","volume":"11","author":"D Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645-646","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b389c2","article-title":"Temporomandibular symptoms, migraine and chronic daily headaches in the population.","volume":"73","author":"D Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"254-262","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of prevalence and etiology of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in high school and university students.","volume":"10","author":"P Conti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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Oral Rehabil."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T06:26:45Z","timestamp":1663655205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.109696.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.138218.r150101","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.138218.r150101","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.138218.r150101, Khalifa Sulaiman Al-Khalifa, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, 20 Sep 2022, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v2#referee-response-150101","order":0,"name":"referee-response-150101","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.121234.r140855, Ahmed Ghoneima, Department of Orthodontics, H Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 17 Aug 2022, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v1#referee-response-140855","order":1,"name":"referee-response-140855","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Wael Talaat<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 02 Sep 2022<\/i>; \n<b>Response to Reviewer 2: Ahmed Ghoneima<\/b> The authors would like to express their gratitude for the reviewer for his constructive comments. We are hereby providing a point by point response.  Comment 1: A proper rationale for the outlined hypothesis is not feasible without providing details of the demographic information of the included sample. Response: More demographic details were added in the results section.  Comment 2: Authors should mention details of their inclusion and exclusion criteria. Response: The inclusion and exclusion criteria were elaborated in the Methods Section.  Comment 3: The reviewer is also wondering whether the case diagnosis, evaluation, and data recording were done by only one investigator and whether the investigators had checked for intra- or inter-rater reliability.&nbsp; Response: The TMJ clinical evaluation was carried out by two examiners; an oral and maxillofacial surgeon and a general dental practitioner who did the initial screening. The surgeon was blinded to the outcome of the initial screening procedure as well as to any related outcomes that were evaluated in all questionnaires. Calibration of the examiners based on the DC\/TMD protocol was accomplished before the start of the study by asking each examiner to assess the same 20 subjects independently. The results were then analyzed, and any disagreements were resolved through group discussion. Inter-rater reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The radiographic evaluations were analyzed twice, with a 1-week interval, by one specialist in oral radiology. The radiologist was blinded to the clinical evaluation outcomes. Intra-rater reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was achieved for the clinical and radiographic diagnosis respectively (ICC=0.95-0.96).  Comment 4: It will also be very useful to the readers if the authors included the power of study analysis or sample size calculation. Response: The formula used for the sample size calculation was added to the Methods Section.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-656\/v2#referee-comment-8721","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-8721","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}