{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:23:59Z","timestamp":1790882639233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31570033, 1500028, and 31670060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570033, 1500028, and 31670060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Despite their inherent toxicity and the global spread of bacterial resistance, aminoglycosides (AGs), an old class of microbial drugs, remain a valuable component of the antibiotic arsenal. Recent studies have continued to reveal the fascinating biochemistry of AG biosynthesis and the rich potential in their pathway engineering. In particular, parallel pathways have been shown to be common and widespread in AG biosynthesis, highlighting nature\u2019s ingenuity in accessing diverse natural products from a limited set of genes. In this review, we discuss the parallel biosynthetic pathways of three representative AG antibiotics\u2014kanamycin, gentamicin, and apramycin\u2014as well as future directions towards the discovery and development of novel AGs.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11104.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T03:57:04Z","timestamp":1496203024000},"page":"723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Parallel pathways in the biosynthesis of aminoglycoside antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8590-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","first-page":"181-8","article-title":"Production and isolation of a new antibiotic: kanamycin.","volume":"10","author":"W Umezawa","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Antibiot (Tokyo)."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259-66","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3062.259","article-title":"Streptomycin: background, isolation, properties, and utilization.","volume":"118","author":"S 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.11979.r22769, Albert M. Berghuis, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 18 May 2017, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-723\/v1#referee-response-22769","order":0,"name":"referee-response-22769","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.11979.r22770, Gong-Li Tang, State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, 18 May 2017, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-723\/v1#referee-response-22770","order":1,"name":"referee-response-22770","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 31570033, 1500028, and 31670060); Q.Z. would also like to thank the Thousand Talents Program for support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}