{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:59:31Z","timestamp":1792799971779,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505865600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>The efficacy of the<ns4:italic>N<\/ns4:italic>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine as an analgesic agent is still under debate, especially for indications such as chronic pain. To understand the efficacy of ketamine for relief of pain, we performed a literature search for relevant narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We retrieved 189 unique articles, of which 29 were deemed appropriate for use in this review. Ketamine treatment is most effective for relief of postoperative pain, causing reduced opioid consumption. In contrast, for most other indications (that is, acute pain in the emergency department, prevention of persistent postoperative pain, cancer pain, and chronic non-cancer pain), the efficacy of ketamine is limited. Ketamine\u2019s lack of analgesic effect was associated with an increase in side effects, including schizotypical effects.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11372.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T09:15:21Z","timestamp":1505898921000},"page":"1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Ketamine for pain"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Jonkman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3161-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Dahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"van de Donk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Aarts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Niesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"van Velzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00612","article-title":"Ketamine: 50 Years of Modulating the Mind.","volume":"10","author":"L Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357-67","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12094","article-title":"Ketamine for chronic pain: risks and benefits.","volume":"77","author":"M Niesters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424-31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.10.018","article-title":"Intravenous Esketamine in Adult Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Double-Blind, Double-Randomization, Placebo-Controlled Study.","volume":"80","author":"J Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071326","article-title":"Ketamine does not produce relief of neuropathic pain in mice lacking the \u03b2-common receptor (CD131).","volume":"8","author":"M Swartjes","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88-92","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000262","article-title":"Ketamine for cancer pain: what is the evidence?","volume":"11","author":"K Jonkman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat 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an inconvenient truth?","volume":"1","author":"D MacKintosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med."},{"key":"ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128-36","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000338","article-title":"Translation of random painful stimuli into numerical responses in fibromyalgia and perioperative patients.","volume":"157","author":"L Oudejans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788-95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2017.01.015","article-title":"Pain sensitivity and pain scoring in patients with morbid obesity.","volume":"13","author":"B Torensma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis."},{"key":"ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616-26","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000333","article-title":"Increasing placebo responses over time in U.S. clinical trials of neuropathic pain.","volume":"156","author":"A Tuttle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-1711\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-1711\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-1711\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T23:50:51Z","timestamp":1602978651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-1711\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.11372.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.12276.r26001","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.12276.r24225","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-1711\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.12276.r24225, Stephan A. Schug, School of Medicine and Pharmacology - Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Anaesthesiology Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia, 20 Sep 2017, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-1711\/v1#referee-response-24225","order":0,"name":"referee-response-24225","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.12276.r26001, Zenaide Quezado, Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20 Sep 2017, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-1711\/v1#referee-response-26001","order":1,"name":"referee-response-26001","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}