{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:10:07Z","timestamp":1767852607910,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Asthma is a chronic disease, characterized by reversible airway obstruction, airway inflammation and hyper-reactivity. The prevalence of asthma has risen dramatically over the past decade, affecting around 300,000,000 people. The etiology is multifactorial, with genetic, epigenetic, developmental and environmental factors playing a role. A complex interaction between the intrauterine environment, the developing immune system, the infant's microbiome and infectious organisms may lead to the development of allergic sensitization and asthma. Thus, a large number of studies have investigated the risk factors for childhood asthma, with a meticulous search of modifiable factors that could aid in primary prevention.<\/ns4:p><ns4:p>We present a current literature review from 2014-2017, as well as older classic publications, on the pathogenesis and the potential modifiable factors for primary prevention of asthma. No ideal preventive measure has yet been found. Rather, creating favorable prenatal and postnatal environments, minimal exposure to hostile environmental factors, prevention of infections in early life, allergic desensitization and nutritional modifications could possibly reduce asthma inception. In the era of personalized medicine, identifying individual risk factors and tailoring specific preventive measures is warranted.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11601.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T05:20:07Z","timestamp":1513747207000},"page":"2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Better understanding of childhood asthma, towards primary prevention \u2013 are we there yet?\u00a0Consideration of pertinent literature"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9874-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Gur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahed","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Bentur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S139-45","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201312-448LD","article-title":"Asthma: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases.","volume":"11","author":"D Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246-252.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.07.002","article-title":"The national cost of asthma among school-aged children in the United States.","volume":"119","author":"P Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075-85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00156-7","article-title":"Risk factors for asthma: is prevention possible?","volume":"386","author":"R Beasley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535-46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.01.018","article-title":"Birth cohorts in asthma and allergic diseases: report of a NIAID\/NHLBI\/MeDALL joint workshop.","volume":"133","author":"J Bousquet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133-8","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. 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