{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:55:27Z","timestamp":1777424127995,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506038400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Spironolactone has been marketed for over half a century as a \u2018potassium-sparing diuretic\u2019, used primarily in patients with ascites. With the realization that primary aldosteronism is the most common (5-13%) form of secondary hypertension, it has become widely used as a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. More recently, in the wake of the RALES trial, spironolactone in addition to standard therapy has been shown to be very beneficial in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Despite the failure of the TOPCAT trial, spironolactone is being increasingly used in diastolic heart failure (i.e. with a preserved ejection fraction). The third currently accepted role for spironolactone is in hypertension resistant to three conventional antihypertensives including a diuretic, where it has been proven to be effective, in contra-distinction to renal artery denervation. Finally, brief consideration will be given to \u2018areas in waiting\u2019 \u2013 pulmonary hypertension\/fibrosis, cancer \u2013 where spironolactone may play very useful roles.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11887.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T15:45:14Z","timestamp":1506095114000},"page":"1738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Spironolactone in cardiovascular disease: an expanding universe?"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"John W.","family":"Funder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201-11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.01.007","article-title":"Emerging cardiovascular indications of mineralocorticoid 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