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Failure of the innate response to control initial measles virus (MeV) replication is associated with the ability of MeV to inhibit the induction of type I interferon and interferon-stimulated antiviral genes. Rather, the innate response is characterized by the expression of proteins regulated by nuclear factor kappa B and the inflammasome. With eventual development of the adaptive response, the rash appears with immune cell infiltration into sites of virus replication to initiate the clearance of infectious virus. However, MeV RNA is cleared much more slowly than recoverable infectious virus and remains present in lymphoid tissue for at least 6 months after infection. Persistence of viral RNA and protein suggests persistent low-level replication in lymphoid tissue that may facilitate maturation of the immune response, resulting in lifelong protection from reinfection, while persistence in other tissues (for example, the nervous system) may predispose to development of late disease such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Further studies are needed to identify mechanisms of viral clearance and to understand the relationship between persistence and development of lifelong immunity.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12094.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T15:05:08Z","timestamp":1519830308000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Understanding the causes and consequences of measles virus persistence"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-2429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane E.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hsuan W.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.13085.r30975, Veronika von Messling, Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Lagen, Germany, 28 Feb 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-237\/v1#referee-response-30975","order":0,"name":"referee-response-30975","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.13085.r30976, Stephen J. Russell, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, 28 Feb 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-237\/v1#referee-response-30976","order":1,"name":"referee-response-30976","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Work from the authors\u2019 laboratory was funded by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AI095981) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}