{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:28:51Z","timestamp":1788157731159,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.121859.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.121859.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000}}],"reference-count":66,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, that occurs in susceptible individuals and is associated with dietary restriction and subsequent nutritional deficiencies. This study investigated the diet quality, nutrition imbalances and nutrition status among young children,adolescents and adults with CD who were referred to several hospitals in Lebanon.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    A cross-sectional study in 50 individuals (31.74 \u00b1 15.64 years) with CD who follow a gluten free diet was conducted, using biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements, dietary and physical activity assessments.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Of the 50 participants, 38% and 16% were presenting low serum levels of iron and vitamin B12, respectively. The majority of participants were physically inactive and around 40% of them had low muscle mass. A weight loss of 10% to 30% indicating mild to moderate malnutrition was shown in 14% of individuals. The assessment of food-related behaviors shows that 80% of participants were reading nutrition labels and 96% of them were following gluten-free diets (GFD). Some barriers including family ignorance (6%), language of the nutrition labels (20%) and expensive GF products (78%) were limiting the adherence to GFD. The inadequacy of the daily energy intake along with insufficient intakes of calcium and vitamin D were remarked among individuals with CD. However, protein and iron intake were exceeding the recommendations among all age groups, except in males aged 4-8 years and 19-30 years. Half the study participants were using dietary supplements where 38%, 10%, 46%, 18%, 16% and 4% used vitamin D, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, folate and probiotics, respectively.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusion:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    \u00a0GFD is the key treatment for CD. However, it is not without inadequacies and may cause certain deficiencies such as calcium and vitamin D leading to reduced bone density. This underlines the critical role of dietitians in education and maintenance of healthy GFD among individuals with CD.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.121859.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T06:30:07Z","timestamp":1681799407000},"page":"725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nutritional status, nutrient imbalances, food-related behaviors and dietary supplements use among patients with celiac disease on a gluten free diet in Lebanon: a national cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7392-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Hoteit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Chamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaza","family":"Assaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5882-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malek Michael","family":"Bouhairie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romy","family":"Daccache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Hallal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Hotayt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Hotayt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8-21","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001267)","article-title":"Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions.","volume":"54","author":"A Therrien","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63-75","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.098","article-title":"Epidemiology, Presentation, and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease.","volume":"160","author":"B Lebwohl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731-1743","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra071600","article-title":"Celiac disease.","volume":"357","author":"P Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583-613","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619844125","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Celiac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders.","volume":"7","author":"A Al-Toma","year":"2019","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410-1424","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314853","article-title":"Outcome measures in celiac disease trials: The Tampere recommendations.","volume":"67","author":"J Ludvigsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200-211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.02.003","article-title":"Celiac Disease and Bone Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"23","author":"M Fedewa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82023-8","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in low and high risk population in Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"S Ashtari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6865913-6865917","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6865917","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Celiac Disease in the General Population and High-Risk Groups in Arab Countries: A Systematic Review.","volume":"2020","author":"A El-Metwally","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449-1457","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i12.1449","article-title":"Celiac disease in Middle Eastern and North African countries: A new burden?.","volume":"16","author":"K Barada","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082300","article-title":"Celiac Dietary Adherence Test and Standardized Dietician Evaluation in Assessment of Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Patients with Celiac Disease.","volume":"12","author":"K G\u0142ady\u015b","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671-680","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1996.66237000.x","article-title":"Management of patients with non-responsive celiac disease.","volume":"10","author":"S O\u2019Mahony","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178-185","DOI":"10.1159\/000066757","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of celiac adults on gluten-free diet: Prevalence and correlates of intestinal damage.","volume":"66","author":"C Ciacci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Digestion."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577-581","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0000000000000218","article-title":"Dietary Supplement Use in Patients with Celiac Disease in the United States.","volume":"49","author":"S Nazareth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121881","article-title":"Are Gluten-Free Diets More Nutritious? An Evaluation of Self-Selected and Recommended Gluten-Free and Gluten-Containing Dietary Patterns.","volume":"10","author":"A Taetzsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"99-105","article-title":"Celiac disease: diagnosis and management.","volume":"89","author":"T Pelkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087-1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9258-2","article-title":"The Canadian Celiac Health Survey.","volume":"52","author":"A Cranney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00581-5","article-title":"Development and validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake among Lebanese adults.","volume":"19","author":"M Harmouche-Karaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0121-1","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate dietary intake among Lebanese children.","volume":"15","author":"P Moghames","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253-1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.11.036","article-title":"Micronutrient Deficiencies Are Common in Contemporary Celiac Disease Despite Lack of Overt Malabsorption Symptoms.","volume":"94","author":"A Bledsoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"495-497","article-title":"Une Diarrh\u00e9e avec carence en vitamine B12 [Diarrhea with vitamin B12 deficiency].","volume":"25","author":"P Marteau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62-68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.12.015)","article-title":"Reference intervals for plasma vitamin B12 and plasma\/serum methylmalonic acid in Danish children, adults and elderly.","volume":"525","author":"A Abildgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109-118","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-1-4377-0974-2.00009-9","article-title":"Laboratory statistics.","author":"R McPherson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567-574","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000131720.90598.6a)","article-title":"Gynecologic and obstetric findings related to nutritional status and adherence to a gluten-free diet in Brazilian patients with celiac disease.","volume":"38","author":"L Kotze","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26152","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v9.26152","article-title":"What can \u201cthematic analysis\u201d offer health and wellbeing researchers?.","volume":"9","author":"V Braun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Stud. Health Well Being."},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Omron Healthcare."},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Dietary reference intakes summary tables."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184-192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4835-0","article-title":"Gender-Based Differences in a Population-Based Cohort with Celiac Disease: More Alike than Unalike.","volume":"63","author":"C Jansson-Knodell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823-836.e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"P Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183-187","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510011498","article-title":"Effect of gender on the manifestations of celiac disease: evidence for greater malabsorption in men.","volume":"40","author":"D Bai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239-243","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000392","article-title":"Frequency and Cause of Persistent Symptoms in Celiac Disease Patients on a Long-term Gluten-free Diet.","volume":"50","author":"E Stasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3975-3992","DOI":"10.3390\/nu510397517%)","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients.","volume":"5","author":"N Wierdsma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965-968","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.31.1_supplement.968.5","article-title":"Compromised Nutritional Status of Adults with Celiac Disease on a Gluten Free Diet: The Case of Lebanon.","volume":"31","author":"M Bassil","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13092947","article-title":"It Is High Time for Personalized Dietary Counseling in Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Body Composition.","volume":"13","author":"Z Vereczkei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647-2662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.027","article-title":"Body composition in children with chronic inflammatory diseases: A systematic review.","volume":"39","author":"N Houttu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. (Edinburgh, Scotland)."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106-114","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2019.00136","article-title":"Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver.","volume":"19","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intest. Res."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051636","article-title":"Influence of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Celiac Children on a Gluten-Free Diet.","volume":"13","author":"T Nestares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040904","article-title":"Dietary Behavior and Risk of Orthorexia in Women with Celiac Disease.","volume":"14","author":"K Kujawowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311-319","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i3.311","article-title":"Celiac crisis, a rare occurrence in adult celiac disease: A systematic review.","volume":"7","author":"D Balaban","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607-616","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12378","article-title":"Outcomes in celiac disease: A qualitative exploration of patients' views on what they want to achieve when seeing a dietitian.","volume":"29","author":"A Madden","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127-1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.02.009","article-title":"Factors relating to compliance with a gluten-free diet in patients with celiac disease: comparison of white Caucasian and South Asian patients.","volume":"23","author":"J Butterworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. (Edinburgh, Scotland)."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418-425","DOI":"10.1017\/s002966511800277x","article-title":"Identifying and improving adherence to the gluten-free diet in people with celiac disease.","volume":"78","author":"H Muhammad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786-810","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12754","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to adherence to gluten-free diet among adults with celiac disease: A systematic review.","volume":"33","author":"N Abu-Janb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573-1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0055-3","article-title":"Factors that influence adherence to a gluten-free diet in adults with celiac disease.","volume":"53","author":"D Leffler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753-760","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13319","article-title":"Factors governing long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet in adult patients with celiac disease.","volume":"42","author":"J Villafuerte-Galvez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377-384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpede.2020.06.012","article-title":"Study of adherence to the gluten-free diet in celiac patients.","volume":"94","author":"M Fern\u00e1ndez Miaja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anales de Pediatria."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315-330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04053.x","article-title":"Systematic review: adherence to a gluten-free diet in adult patients with celiac disease.","volume":"30","author":"N Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072274","article-title":"Challenges of monitoring the gluten-free diet adherence in the management and follow-up of patients with celiac disease.","volume":"13","author":"H Wieser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374-382","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12316","article-title":"Living gluten-free: Adherence, knowledge, lifestyle adaptations and feelings towards a gluten-free diet.","volume":"29","author":"J Silvester","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575-580","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0000000000002451","article-title":"Celiac dietary adherence test simplifies determining adherence to a gluten-free diet in Swedish adolescents.","volume":"69","author":"K Johansson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78-86","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14791","article-title":"Food knowledge and psychological state predict adherence to a gluten-free diet in a survey of 5310 Australians and New Zealanders with celiac disease.","volume":"48","author":"E Halmos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0740-z","article-title":"Rate and determinants of non-adherence to a gluten-free diet and nutritional status assessment in children and adolescents with celiac disease in a tertiary Brazilian referral center: A cross-sectional and retrospective study.","volume":"18","author":"M Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S19-S24","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a5369","article-title":"Compliance with gluten-free diet in a selected group of celiac children in the Slovak Republic.","volume":"26","author":"K Rim\u00e1rov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Public Health."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562-573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.05.046","article-title":"Rate, risk factors, and outcomes of nonadherence in pediatric patients with celiac disease: A systematic review.","volume":"18","author":"A Myl\u00e9us","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070705","article-title":"Adherence to a Gluten Free Diet Is Associated with Receiving Gluten Free Foods on Prescription and Understanding Food Labelling.","volume":"9","author":"H Muhammad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359-367","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2019.0084","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of nutrition and nutritional status of patients with celiac disease aged 13\u201318.","volume":"70","author":"J Kikut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240-246","DOI":"10.1159\/000348850","article-title":"Inadequate nutrient intake in patients with celiac disease: results from a German dietary survey.","volume":"87","author":"J Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Digestion."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051626","article-title":"Nutritional Status in Spanish Adults with Celiac Disease Following a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet Is Similar to Non-Celiac.","volume":"13","author":"C Ballestero-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163-169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277x.2005.00607.x","article-title":"Gluten-free diet survey: Are Americans with celiac disease consuming recommended amounts of fibre, iron, calcium and grain foods?.","volume":"18","author":"T Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102-108","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000228102.89454.eb","article-title":"Nutritional Management of the gluten-free diet in young people with celiac disease in the Netherlands.","volume":"43","author":"E Hopman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-97","article-title":"In depth analysis of risk factors for celiac disease amongst children under 18 years old in the Gaza strip. A cross sectional study.","volume":"11","author":"M Al-Raee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072122","article-title":"Efficacy of a High-Iron Dietary Intervention in Women with Celiac Disease and Iron Deficiency without Anemia: A Clinical Trial.","volume":"12","author":"A Scricciolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09346-y","article-title":"Nutrient intake differs among persons with celiac disease and gluten-related disorders in the United States.","volume":"12","author":"A Unalp-Arida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030844","article-title":"Is a Gluten-Free Diet Enough to Maintain Correct Micronutrients Status in Young Patients with Celiac Disease?.","volume":"12","author":"T Nestares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8856","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168856","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Dietary Supplementation, before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in the Lebanese Population.","volume":"18","author":"H Mohsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139-147","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0b013e31827759ac","article-title":"Exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Bifidobacterium Infantis Natren life start strain super strain in active celiac disease.","volume":"47","author":"E Smecuol","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/QCFB3","article-title":"Celiac disease_Nutrition_Lebanon.","author":"M Hoteit","year":"2022, May 10"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T16:14:28Z","timestamp":1702224868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.121859.3","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.144320.r170059","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.144320.r170059","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.133767.r143011, Sherine Khater, Department of Gastroenterology, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, Paris, 22 Jul 2022, version 1, 3 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v1#referee-response-143011","order":0,"name":"referee-response-143011","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Maha Hoteit<\/b>; <i>Posted: 29 Jul 2022<\/i>; The authors would like to thank Reviewer 1 for reviewing the manuscript. All comments were taken into consideration. Changes in the manuscript are highlighted in track changes.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3#referee-comment-8581","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-8581","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Maha Hoteit<\/b>; <i>Posted: 01 Nov 2022<\/i>; Dear Reviewer 1 All the comments raised are edited in the amended version. Many thanks","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3#referee-comment-8969","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-8969","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.144320.r170059, Hamed R. Takruri, Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Amman Governorate, 20 Apr 2023, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3#referee-response-170059","order":3,"name":"referee-response-170059","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.140619.r156224, Anil K. Verma, Yeliz Serin, Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 05 Dec 2022, version 2, 3 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v2#referee-response-156224","order":4,"name":"referee-response-156224","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Maha Hoteit<\/b>; <i>Posted: 06 Dec 2022<\/i>; Dear Anil, Thank you again for raising this comment. We remarked that this sentence in the manuscript confused many readers. Thus, the authors decided to omit it and replace it by &quot;adherence to recommendations with regards to gluten free diet&quot; without talking about numbers and gluten content.&nbsp; This was amended in the modified version of the manuscript. Regards","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-725\/v3#referee-comment-9098","order":5,"name":"referee-comment-9098","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":6,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}