{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:07:00Z","timestamp":1772168820226,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.123652.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.123652.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.123652.3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000}}],"reference-count":19,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalence of specific protozoan pathogens (\n                    <ns4:italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <ns4:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum.<\/ns4:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <ns4:italic>Giardia spp<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheal stool samples were collected, and\n                    <ns4:italic>E. histolytica<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <ns4:italic>C. parvum<\/ns4:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <ns4:italic>Giardia spp<\/ns4:italic>\n                    were examined using multiplex real-time PCR. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven children with acute diarrhea were included in this study; the higher prevalence of diarrhea was in the age \u2264 2 years old (403, 92.2%), &gt;2\u2013\u22644 years (32, 7.3%), and &gt;4\u2013&lt;5 years (2, 0.5%). The male-to-female ratio in this study was 1:1.7. Infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was detected in 16 (3.7%) cases.\n                    <ns4:italic>Giardia spp<\/ns4:italic>\n                    (18.8%) and\n                    <ns4:italic>C. parvum<\/ns4:italic>\n                    (15.8%) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by\n                    <ns4:italic>E. histolytica<\/ns4:italic>\n                    (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group 143 (35.5%) and the 2\u20134-year-old group 12 (37.5%). The infection rate was higher in boys 104 (37.7%) than in girls 51 (31.7%). The number of positive cases was higher in the rainy season (August to December) 143 (37.4%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June) 12 (21.8%). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of\n                    <ns4:italic>Giardia spp<\/ns4:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns4:italic>C. parvum<\/ns4:italic>\n                    in children with diarrhea in the Khartoum region and the usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.123652.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T11:50:07Z","timestamp":1729684207000},"page":"1401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular survey of certain protozoan agents that cause diarrhea in children in Sudan"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4094-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mosab","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid-A","family":"Enan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azza B. Musa","family":"Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdel R.","family":"El Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isam M.","family":"Khidir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211-1228","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30362-1","article-title":"Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.","volume":"18","author":"C Troeger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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I found it precise and increased the quality of our manuscript.&nbsp; We took all reviewer comments, made corrections throughout the paper, and updated this version. 1. rewrote the abstract section and updated it according to the reviewer's suggesting&nbsp; 2. we update the introduction section by rewriting the updated information, adding new updated references, and deleting the old ones 3. rewrote the method section, added the missing information, and updated carefully with the help of reviewers' comments&nbsp; 4. rewrote the result section, updated and classified it as the subtitle, added the statistical part, updated the tables and the diagram&nbsp; 5. update the discussion section and address the reviewer's comments","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1401\/v4#referee-comment-10963","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-10963","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Mosab Adam<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 04 Jun 2024<\/i>; Thanks for your valuable comments&nbsp; I corrected that point you mentioned as I changed gender to sex, then rewrote the sentence&nbsp; in a clear way and corrected the sentence in the text that you commented on it","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1401\/v4#referee-comment-11714","order":4,"name":"referee-comment-11714","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.167575.r291316, Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 09 Sep 2024, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1401\/v3#referee-response-291316","order":5,"name":"referee-response-291316","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Mosab Adam<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 08 Oct 2024<\/i>; We appreciate the insightful feedback provided, which has significantly enhanced the quality of our manuscript. In this revised version, we have incorporated your comments and suggestions. The key modifications include: - Corrections made throughout the manuscript, including adjustments to the table and figure, as indicated by track changes. - Updates to the percentages in all tables to reflect the appropriate categories. - Revisions to the figure in accordance with the reviewers' recommendations. - A thorough review for typographical and grammatical errors. -We revise the reference position in the manuscript and update the related references accordingly. In response to your comments, we have addressed the concerns raised and reanalyzed the statistical results accordingly.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1401\/v4#referee-comment-12593","order":6,"name":"referee-comment-12593","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.167575.r291317, Lawrence R. Schiller, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, Texas, 02 Jul 2024, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1401\/v3#referee-response-291317","order":7,"name":"referee-response-291317","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.161677.r271108, Sonia Boughattas, Qatar University, Doha, Doha, 06 Jun 2024, version 2, 4 approved with reservations, 2 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1401\/v2#referee-response-271108","order":8,"name":"referee-response-271108","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Mosab Adam<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 07 Jun 2024<\/i>; Thanks for the valuable comments. That will surely increase the quality of our manuscript, so for now, I have submitted version 3, which is being processed with a typesetter and will be available online soon. Fortunately, in this version, we addressed most of the points you mentioned( G.lamblia, \u201cundiagnosed cases statement.) Which was also recommended by a past reviewer. Later, we will change the others. I wish to recheck it when it becomes available online&nbsp; Best regards&nbsp; Mosab adam","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1401\/v4#referee-comment-11730","order":9,"name":"referee-comment-11730","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported, until 2021, by grants from the National key research and development plan of China (2016TFC1202700, 2016YFC1200900, and 2017YFC1200503) and the China Mega-Project for Infectious Disease (2017ZX10302301-00401-0101-0101 and 2010). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":10,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}