{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T21:28:48Z","timestamp":1774733328450,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.124555.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000}}],"reference-count":50,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:\u00a0<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both classified as blood-borne viruses since they are transmitted through contact with contaminated blood. Approximately 1.3 million of the 2.75 million global HIV\/HCV carriers are people who inject drugs (PWID). HIV co-infection has a harmful effect on the progression of HCV, resulting in greater rates of HCV persistence after acute infection, higher viral levels, and accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. In this study, we developed and investigated a mathematical model for the dynamical behavior of HIV\/AIDS and HCV co-infection, which includes therapy for both diseases, vertical transmission in HIV cases, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, inefficient HIV treatment follow-up, and efficient condom use.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:\u00a0<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Positivity and boundedness of the model under investigation were established using well-known theorems. The equilibria were demonstrated by bringing all differential equations to zero. The associative reproduction numbers for mono-infected and dual-infected models were calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. The local and global stabilities of the models were validated using the linearization and comparison theorem and the negative criterion techniques of bendixson and dulac, respectively.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    The growing prevalence of HIV treatment dropout in each compartment of the HIV model led to a reduction in HIV on treatment compartments while other compartments exhibited an increase in populations\n                    <ns3:bold>.<\/ns3:bold>\n                    In dually infected patients, treating HCV first reduces co-infection reproduction number\n                    <ns3:italic\/>\n                    <ns3:italic>R<\/ns3:italic>\n                    <ns3:sub>\n                      <ns3:italic>ech<\/ns3:italic>\n                    <\/ns3:sub>\n                    , which reduces liver cancer risk.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions:\u00a0<\/ns3:bold>\n                    From the model's results, we infer various steps (such as: campaigns to warn individuals about the consequences of having multiple sexual partners; distributing more condoms to individuals; continuing treatment for chronic HCV and AIDS) that policymakers could take to reduce the number of mono-infected and co-infected individuals.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.124555.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T14:05:08Z","timestamp":1671458708000},"page":"1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mathematical modeling of HIV-HCV co-infection model: Impact of parameters on reproduction number"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3995-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwakemi E.","family":"Abiodun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olukayode","family":"Adebimpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2576-8230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Ndako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4083-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olajumoke","family":"Oludoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1547-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedicta","family":"Aladeitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6549-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Adeniyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Guia sobre hepatite C para as pessoas que vivem com o VIH: Testes, coinfe\u00e7\u00e3o e tratamento. 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Lukman, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria, 20 Dec 2022, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1153\/v2#referee-response-158426","order":0,"name":"referee-response-158426","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.141544.r158425, Afeez Abidemi, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, 21 Dec 2022, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1153\/v2#referee-response-158425","order":1,"name":"referee-response-158425","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}