{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:27:50Z","timestamp":1772602070303,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.127744.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.127744.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000}}],"reference-count":62,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020058","name":"Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Airlangga","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1405\/UN3.1.6\/PT\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1405\/UN3.1.6\/PT\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background and Aim The Kacang goat (\n                    <ns3:italic>Capra hircus<\/ns3:italic>\n                    ) is an indigenous livestock species in Indonesia that is at risk of extinction due to cross-breeding. Artificial insemination (AI) techniques are expected to increase the population of these goats. This study aimed to determine the addition of epigallocatechin-3-gallate chitosan nanoparticles (EGCG CNPs) to skim milk\u2013egg yolk (SM\u2013EY) extender to obtain the best possible quality of post-thawed Kacang buck semen for AI. Materials and Methods Fresh Kacang buck semen was diluted in SM\u2013EY without or with the addition of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 \u00b5g of EGCG CNPs\/mL extender. Extended semen was packaged in French mini straws, frooze, and stored in liquid nitrogen at \u2212196\u2103 for 24 hours. Six replicates from each treatment group were thawed for catalase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, malondialdehyde (MDA), sperm intact plasma membrane (MPI), living cells and motility analyses. Results Post-thawed semen that was previously frozen without EGCG CNPs in the extender (control group) exhibited the lowest levels of catalase, DPPH, sperm viability, sperm motility, IPM, and the highest levels of MDA. However, the addition of EGCG CNPs at doses of 1.5 \u00b5g\/mL extender increased post-thawed catalase, DPPH, sperm IPM, viability, and sperm motility and decreased MDA levels (p &lt; 0.05) than those of control group. Conclusion This study was the first in which EGCG CNPs were used in SM\u2013EY extender, and the addition of only 1.0 \u00b5g\/mL of EGCG CNPs in this extender increased the antioxidant capacity and post-thawed quality of Kacang buck semen.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.127744.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T13:55:07Z","timestamp":1757080507000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epigallocatechin-3-gallate chitosan nanoparticles in an extender improve the antioxidant capacity and post-thawed quality of Kacang goat semen"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4543-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imam","family":"Mustofa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suherni","family":"Susilowati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tri Wahyu","family":"Suprayogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeyinka Oye","family":"Akintunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yudit","family":"Oktanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djoko Agus","family":"Purwanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2840\/Kits\/LB.430\/8\/2012.","author":"S Suswono","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2135-y","article-title":"Effect of temperature and time after collection on buck sperm quality.","volume":"15","author":"K Hahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. 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Poster.","author":"I Mustofa","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T07:35:13Z","timestamp":1760427313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"references-count":62,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.127744.3","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.127744.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.127744.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.187380.r416962","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.187380.r412691","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.187380.r412691","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.187380.r416962","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.146355.r168663, Muhammed Duman, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 05 Apr 2023, version 2, 1 approved, 2 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v2#referee-response-168663","order":0,"name":"referee-response-168663","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.140281.r160298, Maria Madalena Pessoa Guerra, mmpguerra@gmail.com, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, 17 Feb 2023, version 1, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v1#referee-response-160298","order":1,"name":"referee-response-160298","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Imam Mustofa<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 30 Mar 2023<\/i>; Thank you the suggestions for improvement of our article from the reviewers. We have corrected this article as follows. We have revised the narration in the Abstract, Introduction, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion based on data and suggestion of reviewers.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3#referee-comment-9521","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-9521","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.146355.r318492, CHETNA GANGWAR, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Uttar Pradesh, 12 Sep 2024, version 2, 1 approved, 2 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v2#referee-response-318492","order":3,"name":"referee-response-318492","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.187380.r412691, Daniel Berean, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, 16 Sep 2025, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3#referee-response-412691","order":4,"name":"referee-response-412691","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.187380.r416962, Sajeda Mahdi Eidan, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 14 Oct 2025, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-32\/v3#referee-response-416962","order":5,"name":"referee-response-416962","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The authors thank Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia for funding this study (contract number: 1405\/UN3.1.6\/PT\/2021). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":6,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}