{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:07:14Z","timestamp":1772168834417,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.128260.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000}}],"reference-count":57,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010628","name":"Universidad de La Sabana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MED-334-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED-334-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Vancomycin is an effective first-line therapy primarily in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and Clostridium difficile, however, it has been shown that its effectiveness and the reduction of nephrotoxicity depend on maintaining adequate therapeutic levels. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPk) models attempt to parameterize the behavior of plasma concentrations in different target populations and scenarios such as renal replacement therapy, to successful therapeutic outcome and avoid these side effects. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), through a search in PubMed, LILACS, OVID Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SAGE Journals, Google Scholar and previous known registers of PopPk models in non-critically ill adult patients, published between 1998 and 2024. Results A total of 190 papers were fully screened, of which were included 36 studies conducted in different populations; 12 in general population, 23 in special populations (surgical, with impaired renal function, obese, elderly, with cancer and cystic fibrosis), and 1 in mixed population (general and with cancer). The main parameters in the models were renal clearance and volume of distribution. The principal covariables that affected the models were creatinine clearance and weight. All studies used internal evaluation and 4 of them used an external group. Discussion The technology for the development and implementation of PopPk models requires experts in clinical pharmacology and is limited to university and research centers. The software is mostly expensive and, in most cases, the pharmacokinetic models and the heterogeneity in the parameters and evaluation methods depend on which compartmental model, parameters, covariates and software have been used. Conclusions These models require validation in the clinical context and conducting experiments to adapt them for precision dosing in different subpopulations.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.128260.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T13:25:07Z","timestamp":1741267507000},"page":"1513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Models in Non- Critically Ill Adults Patients: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Diego","family":"Nivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan-David","family":"Vivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Brice\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8289-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Jaimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9451-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Francisco","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Helena","family":"Bustos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5-12","DOI":"10.1086\/491709","article-title":"Vancomycin: a history.","volume":"42 Suppl 1","author":"D Levine","year":"2006 Jan","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138-141","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.1.138","article-title":"Retrospective study of the toxicity of preparations of vancomycin from 1974 to 1981.","volume":"23","author":"B Farber","year":"1983 Jan","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734-744","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01568-12","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity associated with dosing schedules that maintain troughs between 15 and 20 milligrams per liter.","volume":"57","author":"S Hal","year":"2013 Feb","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835-864","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa036","article-title":"Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.","volume":"77","author":"M Rybak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae002","article-title":"Model-Informed Precision Dosing Improves Outcomes in Patients Receiving Vancomycin for Gram-Positive Infections.","volume":"11","author":"N Hall","year":"2024 Jan","journal-title":"Open Forum. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00420","article-title":"Precision Dosing Priority Criteria: Drug, Disease, and Patient Population Variables.","volume":"11","author":"R Tyson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108749","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3108749","article-title":"Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Cyclosporine from Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data.","volume":"2021","author":"M Umpi\u00e9rrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"371-377","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and its application in new drug research.","volume":"52","author":"W Chen","year":"2017 Mar","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216-235","DOI":"10.2174\/1574884713666181025144845","article-title":"A Critique of Computer Simulation Software's Used in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Analysis.","volume":"13","author":"V Dave","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119-26","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews.","volume":"18","author":"M Peters","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"JBI Evid. Synth."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467-473","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation.","volume":"169","author":"A Tricco","year":"2018 Oct 2","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016 Dec 5","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671-698","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00866-2","article-title":"An Update on Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses of Vancomycin. Part I: In Adults.","volume":"59","author":"A Aljutayli","year":"2020 Jun","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192-1200","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2475","article-title":"Optimization of Vancomycin Dosing Regimen in Cancer Patients using Pharmacokinetic\/Pharmacodynamic Modeling.","volume":"40","author":"S Alqahtani","year":"2020 Dec","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11050224","article-title":"Application of Pharmacometrics in Pharmacotherapy: Open-Source Software for Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Management.","volume":"11","author":"S Bae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48-54","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.1.48","article-title":"Serum cystatin C is a major predictor of vancomycin clearance in a population pharmacokinetic analysis of patients with normal serum creatinine concentrations.","volume":"28","author":"J Chung","year":"2013 Jan","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407-415","DOI":"10.5414\/CP201842","article-title":"Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis.","volume":"51","author":"C Deng","year":"2013 May","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286-293","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.57","article-title":"Influences of renal function descriptors on population pharmacokinetic modeling of vancomycin in Chinese adult patients.","volume":"39","author":"X Ji","year":"2018 Feb","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196-203","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12123","article-title":"Exploration of optimal dosing regimens of vancomycin in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modeling and simulation.","volume":"39","author":"H Lim","year":"2014 Apr","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"945-955","article-title":"A population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin for dose individualization based on serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function.","volume":"71","author":"T Liu","year":"2019 Jun","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762649","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/762649","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Thai patients.","volume":"2012","author":"T Purwonugroho","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778-782","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00661-09","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin using serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function.","volume":"54","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2010 Feb","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56-63","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203033","article-title":"Investigation of the age dependency of vancomycin clearance by population pharmacokinetic modeling.","volume":"56","author":"M Usman","year":"2018 Feb","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473-483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2008.01016.x","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with gram-positive infections and the influence of infectious disease type.","volume":"34","author":"M Yamamoto","year":"2009 Aug","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"139-148","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Japanese adult patients.","volume":"20","author":"M Yasuhara","year":"1998 Apr","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00088-18","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Vancomycin Used in Open Heart Surgery: Model-Based Evaluation of Standard Dosing Regimens.","volume":"62","author":"S Alqahtani","year":"2018 Jul","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88-96","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13029","article-title":"Development and comparison of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in neurosurgical patients based on two different renal function markers.","volume":"45","author":"L Jing","year":"2020 Feb","journal-title":"J .Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"381-387","article-title":"Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neurosurgical and non-neurosurgical patients.","volume":"48","author":"A Kim","year":"2016 Oct","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.721819","article-title":"Dose Tailoring of Vancomycin Through Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Among Surgical Patients in Pakistan.","volume":"12","author":"M Munir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005791","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1005791","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin in postoperative neurosurgical patients.","volume":"13","author":"S Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-95","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S432439","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetics and Model-Based Dose Optimization of Vancomycin in Sudanese Adult Patients with Renal Impairment.","volume":"18","author":"K Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"750-759","article-title":"A new population pharmacokinetic model for vancomycin in patients with variable renal function: Therapeutic drug monitoring based on extended covariate model using CKD-EPI estimation.","volume":"44","author":"D Kim","year":"2019 Oct","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Model Building and Parameter Optimization.","volume":"11","author":"K Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00089-e00023","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00089-23","article-title":"Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Adult Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.","volume":"67","author":"K Oda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872-879","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2442","article-title":"Modeling Kinetic Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adults with Stable and Unstable Kidney Function: Vancomycin as the Motivating Example.","volume":"40","author":"M Pai","year":"2020 Sep","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26-38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(98)90118-7","article-title":"Urea kinetics and dialysis treatment time predict vancomycin elimination during high-flux hemodialysis.","volume":"63","author":"F Schaedeli","year":"1998 Jan","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512-519","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2018-0068","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients with Different Renal Function Levels.","volume":"13","author":"R Zaric","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127-139","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1531","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in extremely obese patients with suspected or confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections.","volume":"35","author":"E Adane","year":"2015 Feb","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3081-3086","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky310","article-title":"Dosing vancomycin in the super obese: less is more.","volume":"73","author":"R Crass","year":"2018 Nov 1","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-9","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2024.2367937","article-title":"Vancomycin loading dose individualization in a population of obese patients undergoing haemodialysis based on population pharmacokinetic model.","author":"L Pol\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2024 Jun 17","journal-title":"J. Chemother."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58-68","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2383","article-title":"Utility of cystatin C and serum creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate equations in predicting vancomycin clearance: A population pharmacokinetics analysis in elderly Chinese patients.","volume":"45","author":"J Ling","year":"2024 Feb","journal-title":"Biopharm. Drug Dispos."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525-533","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP48525","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult and geriatric patients: Comparison of eleven approaches.","volume":"48","author":"J S\u00e1nchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260-271","DOI":"10.5246\/jcps.2020.04.025","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Chinese elderly patients and its application for dose individualisation.","volume":"29","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chin. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361-370","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-018-0534-2","article-title":"Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Vancomycin and its Application in Chinese Geriatric Patients with Pulmonary Infections.","volume":"44","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019 Jun","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4934-4941","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.12.4934-4941.2005","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with hematological malignancies.","volume":"49","author":"D Buelga","year":"2005 Dec","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140-1149","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1106","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation.","volume":"58","author":"A Okada","year":"2018 Sep","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647-655","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-023-00850-8","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Vancomycin in Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignancy in Relation to the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores.","volume":"48","author":"Y Tsuda","year":"2023 Nov","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0099223","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00992-23","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and target attainment analysis of vancomycin after intermittent dosing in adults with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"68","author":"V Yellepeddi","year":"2024 Jan 10","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471-479","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv372","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and dosing recommendations for trauma patients.","volume":"71","author":"S Medell\u00edn-Garibay","year":"2016 Feb","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743-746","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1501271","article-title":"Precision dosing in clinical medicine: present and future.","volume":"11","author":"T Polasek","year":"2018 Aug","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621-633","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12445","article-title":"Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Model Development and Simulation Using nlmixr and Related R Open-Source Packages.","volume":"8","author":"M Fidler","year":"2019 Sep","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003-1009","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06870909","article-title":"Performance of the Cockcroft-Gault, MDRD, and new CKD-EPI formulas in relation to GFR, age, and body size.","volume":"5","author":"W Michels","year":"2010 Jun","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305-1310","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks066","article-title":"Altered vancomycin pharmacokinetics in obese and morbidly obese patients: what we have learned over the past 30 years.","volume":"67","author":"E Grace","year":"2012 Jun","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082317","article-title":"The Impact of Augmented Renal Clearance on Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Critically Ill Patients.","volume":"13","author":"N Tesfamariam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0089721","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00897-21","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Vancomycin in Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Augmented Renal Clearance.","volume":"65","author":"C He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12060979","volume":"12","author":"A Alzahrani","year":"2023 May 29","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.14876777","article-title":"Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Models in Non- Critically Ill Adults Patients: a scoping review.","author":"N Diego","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1513\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1513\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1513\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T07:08:04Z","timestamp":1742800084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1513\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.128260.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.128260.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.178348.r369834","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.178348.r369835","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.178348.r369835","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.178348.r369834","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1513\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.178348.r369835, Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 21 Mar 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1513\/v2#referee-response-369835","order":0,"name":"referee-response-369835","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.178348.r369834, Manal Abouelkheir, Misr International University, Cairo, Cairo Governorate, 20 Mar 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1513\/v2#referee-response-369834","order":1,"name":"referee-response-369834","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This research was funded by Universidad de La Sabana MED-334-2023. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}