{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:32:53Z","timestamp":1791484373803,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.129252.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24MH087913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24MH087913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH104030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH104030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01MH104592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01MH104592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HD087011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HD087011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1RR024992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1RR024992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21NS091635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21NS091635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns7:p>\n                    <ns7:bold>Background:<\/ns7:bold>\n                    Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in new \u201ctic\u201d cases in teens and young adults. These individuals often present with fulminant onset of symptoms not commonly seen in Tourette syndrome (TS) and are often diagnosed with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FND-tic). However, some authors have questioned whether this illness truly differs from typical Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD) and TS. Previous studies have compared FND-tic, usually a few months after symptom onset, to patients with TS, usually years after symptom onset. We sought to test whether the presenting symptoms of FND-tic differ substantially from those in patients at a similar duration of symptoms who are later diagnosed with TS.\n                  <\/ns7:p>\n                  <ns7:p>\n                    <ns7:bold>Methods:<\/ns7:bold>\n                    This comparative study examines clinical features summarized from published reports of FND-tic with novel data from a longitudinal study of PTD. This study came from a referral center for TS and tic disorders and included 89 children with tics whose first tic occurred a median of 3.6 months earlier, nearly all of whom were diagnosed with a chronic tic disorder at follow-up. Specifically, we examine clinical features identified in a recent literature review as supporting a diagnosis of FND-tic, including symptom characteristics, course, severity and comorbidity.\n                  <\/ns7:p>\n                  <ns7:p>\n                    <ns7:bold>Results:<\/ns7:bold>\n                    Several clinical features dramatically distinguish the patients diagnosed with FND-tic from those diagnosed with typical PTD. For example, coprophenomena are reported at or shortly after symptom onset in over half of FND-tic patients, whereas even several months after onset, coprophenomena had occurred in only 1 of 89 children with PTD. Six clinical features each have a positive predictive value over 90% for FND-tic diagnosis if prior probability is 50%.\n                  <\/ns7:p>\n                  <ns7:p>\n                    <ns7:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns7:bold>\n                    These new data provide strong evidence supporting the diagnostic validity of FND-tic as distinct from TS.\n                  <\/ns7:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.129252.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T06:46:14Z","timestamp":1681713974000},"page":"1566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Functional tic-like presentations differ strikingly from Provisional Tic Disorder"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Arbuckle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily C.","family":"Bihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley L.","family":"Schlaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475-485","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0164","article-title":"Changes and inequities in adult mental health-related emergency department visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US.","volume":"79","author":"K Anderson","year":"2022 May 1","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319-324","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7108e2","article-title":"Pediatric emergency department visits associated with mental health conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, January 2019-January 2022.","volume":"71","author":"L Radhakrishnan","year":"2022 Feb 25","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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Rep."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1566\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1566\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1566\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T09:48:05Z","timestamp":1684144085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1566\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.129252.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.146566.r169889","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.146566.r169890","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.146566.r169889","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.146566.r169890","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1566\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.146566.r169890, Michael Bloch, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 15 May 2023, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1566\/v2#referee-response-169890","order":0,"name":"referee-response-169890","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.146566.r169889, Tammy Hedderly, Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children\u2019s Hospital, King's College London, Guy\u2019s & St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, 18 Apr 2023, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/11-1566\/v2#referee-response-169889","order":1,"name":"referee-response-169889","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Research reported in this publication was supported by National Institutes of Health, awards K24MH087913 to KJB; R21NS091635 to BLS and KJB; K01MH104592; R01MH104030 to KJB and BLS; the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences grants UL1RR024992 and UL1TR000448; and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U54HD087011 to the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Washington University. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}